Kanikkannan N, Burton S, Patel R, Jackson T, Shaik M S, Singh M
Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
Toxicol Lett. 2001 Feb 28;119(2):133-42. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00311-8.
JP-8 is the major jet fuel used by US Air Force. JP-8+100 is a new jet fuel recently introduced by the US Air Force, which contains JP-8 plus three performance additives [butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), metal deactivator (MDA) and 8Q405]. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the percutaneous permeation of JP-8+100 across pig ear skin in vitro and to study the effect of JP-8+100 exposure on the skin barrier function, moisture content and irritation in Yucatan minipigs. The influence of performance additives on the permeation of JP-8 was studied by adding each additive individually to JP-8. The percutaneous permeation and skin irritation data obtained with JP-8+100 were compared with that of JP-8. JP-8+100 spiked with 5.0 microCi of radiolabeled [14C]tridecane, nonane, naphthalene or toluene (selected components of JP-8+100) was used for the in vitro percutaneous permeation studies. For skin irritation studies, 250 microl of JP-8+100 was placed in a Hill top chamber and affixed over the marked treatment area for 24 h. The components of JP-8+100 such as tridecane, nonane, naphthalene and toluene permeated readily through pig ear skin without any apparent lag time. Compared to JP-8, the permeation of tridecane, toluene and nonane from JP-8+100 was significantly lower (P<0.05). However, the permeation of naphthalene from JP-8+100 was significantly higher than from JP-8. When BHT was added to JP-8, the permeation of all four chemicals were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Though the addition of 8Q405 to JP-8 decreased the permeation of all four chemicals, the values were not significantly different (P>0.05) from that of JP-8. Addition of MDA did not show any significant change in the permeation of the selected chemicals from JP-8. Application of JP-8+100 increased the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) about three times compared to the baseline level. The skin moisture content decreased consistently after the application of JP-8+100, though it was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the baseline level. JP-8+100 caused a moderate erythema (score: 1.60) and a moderate to severe edema (score: 2.60). These results suggest that JP-8+100 produces significant changes in the barrier function of the skin and a local irritant effect upon occlusive dermal exposure. However there was no significant difference in the skin irritation data observed from JP-8 and JP-8+100.
JP - 8是美国空军使用的主要喷气燃料。JP - 8 + 100是美国空军最近推出的一种新型喷气燃料，它含有JP - 8以及三种性能添加剂[丁基化羟基甲苯（BHT）、金属钝化剂（MDA）和8Q405]。本研究的目的是体外研究JP - 8 + 100经猪耳皮肤的经皮渗透，并研究尤卡坦小型猪暴露于JP - 8 + 100对皮肤屏障功能、水分含量和刺激性的影响。通过将每种添加剂单独添加到JP - 8中来研究性能添加剂对JP - 8渗透的影响。将JP - 8 + 100获得的经皮渗透和皮肤刺激性数据与JP - 8的数据进行比较。添加了5.0微居里放射性标记的[14C]十三烷、壬烷、萘或甲苯（JP - 8 + 100的选定成分）的JP - 8 + 100用于体外经皮渗透研究。对于皮肤刺激性研究，将250微升JP - 8 + 100置于山顶小室中，并固定在标记的治疗区域上24小时。JP - 8 + 100的成分如十三烷、壬烷、萘和甲苯很容易透过猪耳皮肤，没有明显的滞后时间。与JP - 8相比，JP - 8 + 100中十三烷、甲苯和壬烷的渗透率显著降低（P < 0.05）。然而，JP - 8 + 100中萘的渗透率显著高于JP - 8。当将BHT添加到JP - 8中时，所有四种化学物质的渗透率均显著降低（P < 0.05）。虽然将8Q405添加到JP - 8中降低了所有四种化学物质的渗透率，但这些值与JP - 8的渗透率没有显著差异（P > 0.05）。添加MDA并未显示JP - 8中选定化学物质的渗透率有任何显著变化。与基线水平相比，应用JP - 8 + 100使经表皮水分流失（TEWL）增加了约三倍。应用JP - 8 + 100后皮肤水分含量持续下降，尽管与基线水平没有显著差异（P > 0.05）。JP - 8 + 100引起中度红斑（评分：1.60）和中度至重度水肿（评分：2.60）。这些结果表明，JP - 8 + 100会使皮肤屏障功能产生显著变化，并在皮肤封闭暴露时产生局部刺激作用。然而，从JP - 8和JP - 8 + 100观察到的皮肤刺激性数据没有显著差异。
