Service Elisabet, Turpeinen Raija
University of Helsinki, Finland.
Memory. 2001 Jul;9(4):395-421. doi: 10.1080/09658210143000137.
Theories of spelling (Margolin, 1984; Nolan & Caramazza, 1983) propose a working memory system for storing order and identity information of letters during the spelling process. Capacity limitations related to the use of such a graphemic buffer were explored. Participants had to type words backwards. Longer pauses between key presses were assumed to signal points at which graphemic buffer contents were refreshed. Five- and six-letter words were divided by a major pause into chunks of two and three letters, partly coinciding with syllables. Articulatory suppression had no effect on performance. Increasing the length of the stimuli to seven to eight letters resulted in major pauses occurring at syllable boundaries, and performance becoming vulnerable to articulatory suppression but not foot tapping. Forward typing resulted in a similar pause pattern. The results suggest that chunks of approximately three letters can be handled at any one time. For short words the task seems to rely on non-phonological modes of coding, whereas longer words appear to require the use of a phonological code, possibly for keeping track of progress through the word.
拼写理论（Margolin，1984年；Nolan和Caramazza，1983年）提出了一种工作记忆系统，用于在拼写过程中存储字母的顺序和身份信息。研究探讨了与这种字形缓冲器使用相关的容量限制。参与者必须倒着打字。按键之间较长的停顿被认为是字形缓冲器内容被刷新的信号点。五字母和六字母单词被一个主要停顿分成两个和三个字母的组块，部分与音节一致。发音抑制对表现没有影响。将刺激长度增加到七到八个字母会导致主要停顿出现在音节边界，并且表现容易受到发音抑制的影响，但不受跺脚的影响。正向打字导致类似的停顿模式。结果表明，大约三个字母的组块可以在任何时候被处理。对于短单词，任务似乎依赖于非语音编码模式，而长单词似乎需要使用语音编码，可能是为了跟踪单词的拼写进度。
