Schiller N O, Greenhall J A, Shelton J R, Caramazza A
Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Neurocase. 2001;7(1):1-14. doi: 10.1093/neucas/7.1.1.
This study reports data from two dysgraphic patients, TH and PB, whose errors in spelling most often occurred in the final part of words. The probability of making an error increased monotonically towards the end of words. Long words were affected more than short words, and performance was similar across different output modalities (writing, typing and oral spelling). This error performance was found despite the fact that both patients showed normal ability to repeat the same words orally and to access their full spelling in tasks that minimized the involvement of working memory. This pattern of performance locates their deficit to the mechanism that keeps graphemic representations active for further processing, and shows that the functioning of this mechanism is not controlled or "refreshed" by phonological (or articulatory) processes. Although the overall performance pattern is most consistent with a deficit to the graphemic buffer, the strong tendency for errors to occur at the ends of words is unlike many classic "graphemic buffer patients" whose errors predominantly occur at word-medial positions. The contrasting patterns are discussed in terms of different types of impairment to the graphemic buffer.
本研究报告了两名书写障碍患者TH和PB的数据，他们的拼写错误大多出现在单词的结尾部分。单词结尾处出错的概率呈单调递增。长单词比短单词受影响更大，并且在不同的输出方式（书写、打字和口头拼写）下表现相似。尽管两名患者在口头重复相同单词以及在尽量减少工作记忆参与的任务中获取完整拼写方面都表现出正常能力，但仍出现了这种错误表现。这种表现模式将他们的缺陷定位到使字素表征保持活跃以便进一步处理的机制上，并表明该机制的运作不受语音（或发音）过程的控制或“刷新”。虽然整体表现模式与字素缓冲器缺陷最为一致，但错误强烈倾向于出现在单词结尾这一情况与许多经典的“字素缓冲器患者”不同，后者的错误主要出现在单词中间位置。我们根据字素缓冲器的不同损伤类型对这些对比模式进行了讨论。
