Seils D M, Friedman J Y, Schulman K A
Center for Clinical and Genetic Economics at the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27715, USA.
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 2001 Fall;56(4):151-4, 160.
Nearly twice as many women in the United States die of heart disease and stroke every year as die from all types of cancer. Several studies have shown that women are less likely than men to be referred for invasive cardiac procedures. Despite extensive literature documenting sex differences in invasive cardiac procedure use, few studies have investigated the ways in which sex may affect the patient and physician decision-making process in referrals for cardiac care. This paper presents a framework outlining 8 stages of the referral process and discusses the role sex plays in each one. This framework was adapted from one describing the influence of race on the referral process for invasive cardiac procedures. A representative sample of the literature is reviewed to describe the influence of sex at each stage.
在美国，每年死于心脏病和中风的女性人数几乎是死于各类癌症女性人数的两倍。多项研究表明，女性比男性更不容易被转诊去接受侵入性心脏手术。尽管有大量文献记录了侵入性心脏手术使用方面的性别差异，但很少有研究探讨性别可能影响心脏护理转诊中患者和医生决策过程的方式。本文提出了一个概述转诊过程8个阶段的框架，并讨论了性别在每个阶段所起的作用。这个框架改编自一个描述种族对侵入性心脏手术转诊过程影响的框架。本文回顾了具有代表性的文献样本，以描述性别在每个阶段的影响。
