Montarello Natalie, Chan Wai Ping Alicia
Royal Adelaide and The Queen Elizabeth Hospitals, Central Adelaide Local Health Service, South Australia.
Aust Prescr. 2022 Dec;45(6):193-199. doi: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.065. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death in women but remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Health professionals play an important role in improving the heart health of Australian women. Routine heart health checks should be offered to all women 45 years of age and older and to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women 30 years of age and older. Cardiovascular risk assessment in women must include traditional and sex-specific risk factors, including their pregnancy history and early-onset menopause. Women with pregnancy-related hypertensive and metabolic disorders have an increased long-term cardiovascular risk and require close monitoring. Women with acute coronary syndrome may not experience classical chest pain. More often, they experience cardiovascular events in the absence of obstructive coronary disease and have poorer cardiovascular outcomes. The recognition of sex-specific differences and more sex-specific trials are key to improving clinical outcomes.
心血管疾病是全球女性死亡的首要原因,但仍存在诊断不足和治疗不足的情况。健康专业人员在改善澳大利亚女性心脏健康方面发挥着重要作用。应向所有45岁及以上的女性以及所有30岁及以上的原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民女性提供常规心脏健康检查。女性的心血管风险评估必须包括传统和特定性别的风险因素,包括她们的妊娠史和早发性更年期。患有与妊娠相关的高血压和代谢紊乱的女性长期心血管风险增加,需要密切监测。患有急性冠状动脉综合征的女性可能不会出现典型的胸痛。更常见的是,她们在没有阻塞性冠状动脉疾病的情况下发生心血管事件,并且心血管结局较差。认识到性别差异以及开展更多针对性别的试验是改善临床结局的关键。