Szubert Z, Sobala W
Zakładu Epidemiologii Srodowiskowej, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy, Łodzi.
Med Pr. 2001;52(2):87-94.
A long-term analysis of the data on temporary incapacity for work may be useful in identifying the most essential changes in the pattern of the causes of the disease-related incapacity for work and give the alert for taking necessary measures to protect the human health. The aim of the analysis is to define the causes of temporary incapacity for work prior to the diagnosis of chronic diseases of the locomotor system induced by the way the job is performed and the work overload in workers' groups of the highest disease incidence. The sickness absence study was carried out in the group of 395 workers with the locomotor system diseases due to the above-mentioned causes, diagnosed during the years 1996-1997. The analysis was based on numbers of days of work disability, numbers of cases and the average duration of disease. The rates of work disability days in the study group were compared with relevant rates in the occupationally active population of Poland. The analysis of sickness absence during a five-year period before the certification of the occupational diseases of the locomotor system revealed the sickness absence higher by 52% in male workers and by 60% in female workers than the average sickness absence in the general population. In this group, the diseases of the musculoskeletal system were the major cause of work disability, being responsible for 48% of sickness absence. The highest work disability was found in male workers with shoulder pain syndrome (about 49 days/person/year) and female workers with tenosynovitis and bursitis (45 days/person/year). As to the selected occupational groups, the first place was occupied by the group of workers engaged in metal processing (53 days/person/year), in which diseases of the musculoskeletal system made over 50%. In miners, besides locomotor diseases, a high level of sickness absence was due to the diseases of the nervous system and sense organs (17% of absence). In the group of dentists, the circulatory system diseases were the major cause of work disability in men (38% of absence), and the musculoskeletal system diseases in women (36% of absence). The study indicates that sickness absence can prove to be a substantial parameter that renders it possible to identify persons with enhanced risk of occupational disease by physicians involved in prophylactics and to take necessary preventive measures.
对工作临时无能力数据进行长期分析，可能有助于确定与疾病相关的工作无能力原因模式中最本质的变化，并为采取保护人类健康的必要措施发出警报。该分析的目的是确定在因工作方式和工作负荷导致运动系统慢性病诊断之前，工作临时无能力的原因，这些工作方式和工作负荷存在于疾病发病率最高的工人群体中。对1996 - 1997年期间诊断出的395名因上述原因患有运动系统疾病的工人进行了病假研究。分析基于工作残疾天数、病例数和疾病平均持续时间。将研究组的工作残疾天数率与波兰职业活跃人口的相关率进行了比较。对运动系统职业病认证前五年期间的病假分析显示，男性工人的病假比普通人群的平均病假高出52%，女性工人高出60%。在该组中，肌肉骨骼系统疾病是工作残疾的主要原因，占病假的48%。男性患肩痛综合征（约49天/人/年）和女性患腱鞘炎和滑囊炎（45天/人/年）的工作残疾率最高。对于选定的职业群体，从事金属加工的工人群体位居榜首（53天/人/年），其中肌肉骨骼系统疾病占比超过50%。在矿工中，除了运动疾病外，神经系统和感觉器官疾病导致的病假水平也很高（占病假的17%）。在牙医群体中，男性工作残疾的主要原因是循环系统疾病（占病假的38%），女性是肌肉骨骼系统疾病（占病假的36%）。该研究表明，病假可能是一个重要参数，使参与预防工作的医生能够识别职业病风险增加的人员，并采取必要的预防措施。
