Klebaur J E, Phillips S B, Kelly T H, Bardo M T
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0044, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Nov;9(4):372-9.
Researchers examined whether exposure to novel environmental stimuli reduces drug self-administration. Rats were trained to self-administer amphetamine on a fixed ratio (FR) 5 schedule of reinforcement and then were exposed to novel stimuli during the session. Responding was significantly decreased with exposure to novelty but returned to baseline levels on intervening nonexposure sessions. In 2 subsequent experiments, rats were exposed to novel plastic objects prior to the session. Immediately following exposure, rats were allowed to self-administer amphetamine on an FR 1 schedule, which was increased gradually to an FR 5 either using predetermined increments or on the basis of performance criteria. Exposure to the novel objects significantly decreased acquisition of amphetamine self-administration in both situations. Results suggest that exposure to novel environmental stimuli may be effective at reducing drug self-administration.
研究人员检验了接触新环境刺激是否会减少药物自我给药行为。大鼠接受训练，按照固定比率（FR）5的强化程序自我给药苯丙胺，然后在实验过程中接触新刺激。接触新刺激时反应显著减少，但在中间的无接触实验阶段又恢复到基线水平。在随后的两个实验中，大鼠在实验前接触新的塑料制品。接触后立即让大鼠按照FR 1程序自我给药苯丙胺，该程序要么使用预定增量，要么根据行为标准逐渐增加到FR 5。在两种情况下，接触新物品都显著减少了苯丙胺自我给药行为的习得。结果表明，接触新环境刺激可能对减少药物自我给药有效。
