Mecklenbräuker S, Hupbach A, Wippich W
Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2001 Nov;54(4):1069-86. doi: 10.1080/713756006.
Three experiments were conducted to examine age-related differences in colour memory. In Experiment 1, preschool age and elementary school age children were given a conceptual test of implicit colour memory (a colour-choice task). They were presented with the names or achromatic versions of previously studied coloured line drawings and asked to select an appropriate colour. Significant priming could be demonstrated: The children chose the previously seen colours more often than was expected by chance. Equivalent priming was found for both versions (pictorial and verbal) suggesting that colour priming may be conceptually mediated. Moreover, colour priming proved to be age invariant. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this finding by using a wider age group (preschool, elementary school, and young adults) and by giving a perceptual implicit task (picture identification) in addition to a verbal colour-choice task. Colour did not affect priming in the perceptual task. Whereas priming showed no developmental change, age-related improvements were observed on an explicit colour memory task that differed only in the test instructions from the implicit colour-choice task (Experiments 2 and 3). Taken together, the results suggest that implicit colour memory may be mediated by conceptual processes that are age invariant.
进行了三项实验来研究颜色记忆中与年龄相关的差异。在实验1中，对学龄前儿童和小学年龄段儿童进行了一项关于内隐颜色记忆的概念测试（一项颜色选择任务）。向他们呈现先前研究过的彩色线条画的名称或消色差版本，并要求他们选择合适的颜色。可以证明存在显著的启动效应：儿童选择先前看到的颜色的频率高于随机预期。在两个版本（图片和文字）中都发现了等效的启动效应，这表明颜色启动效应可能是由概念介导的。此外，颜色启动效应被证明与年龄无关。实验2通过使用更广泛的年龄组（学龄前儿童、小学生和年轻人）并除了文字颜色选择任务之外还给予一项知觉内隐任务（图片识别）来重复并扩展了这一发现。在知觉任务中颜色不影响启动效应。虽然启动效应没有显示出发展变化，但在一项明确的颜色记忆任务中观察到了与年龄相关的进步，该任务与内隐颜色选择任务的不同仅在于测试指令（实验2和3）。综合来看，结果表明内隐颜色记忆可能由与年龄无关的概念过程介导。
