McArthur G M, Bishop D V
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
Dyslexia. 2001 Jul-Sep;7(3):150-70. doi: 10.1002/dys.200.
A popular hypothesis holds that specific reading disability (SRD) and specific language impairment (SLI) result from an impaired ability to process rapid and brief sounds. However, the results of experiments that have tested this hypothesis are incongruous. A number of factors could explain these contradictory findings, including the questionable reliability and validity of rapid auditory processing tasks, individual differences in the auditory processing abilities of SRD and SLI populations, the age of listeners, the quality of control groups, and the relationship between verbal and non-verbal auditory processing abilities. These issues highlight the need for future studies to (1) establish the reliability and validity of psychophysical tasks used to assess rapid auditory processing; (2) report the rapid auditory processing scores of individuals rather than just group means; (3) include a wide range of reading and spoken language tests to determine the literacy and oral language profile of people who demonstrate an auditory processing deficit; (4) include clinical comparison groups to determine whether a rapid auditory processing deficit is related specifically to written and spoken language impairments; and (5) examine the relationship between low-level non-verbal, verbal, and phonological processing abilities.
一种流行的假说认为，特定阅读障碍（SRD）和特定语言障碍（SLI）是由处理快速短暂声音的能力受损所致。然而，检验该假说的实验结果并不一致。许多因素可以解释这些相互矛盾的发现，包括快速听觉处理任务的可靠性和有效性存疑、SRD和SLI人群听觉处理能力的个体差异、听众年龄、对照组质量以及言语和非言语听觉处理能力之间的关系。这些问题凸显了未来研究需要：（1）确定用于评估快速听觉处理的心理物理学任务的可靠性和有效性；（2）报告个体的快速听觉处理分数，而不仅仅是组均值；（3）纳入广泛的阅读和口语测试，以确定表现出听觉处理缺陷的人的读写能力和口语能力概况；（4）纳入临床比较组，以确定快速听觉处理缺陷是否与书面和口语语言障碍有特定关联；以及（5）研究低水平非言语、言语和语音处理能力之间的关系。
