Nhundu T J, Shumba A
Department of Educational Foundations, University of Botswana, Gaborone.
Child Abuse Negl. 2001 Nov;25(11):1517-34. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(01)00288-5.
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the nature and magnitude of reported cases of teacher perpetrated child sexual abuse of rural primary school pupils in Zimbabwe. The study also determined the distribution of reported cases of child sexual abuse according to the characteristics of victims and perpetrators.
This is a retrospective case series study of reported cases of child sexual abuse drawn from six randomly selected educational jurisdictions. The study covered an 8-year period (1990-1997) and used a study sample of 110 nonclinical case files of teacher perpetrators. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the findings.
Gender-wise, 108 (98%) of the victims were girls, while all perpetrators were male teachers. Penetrative sex was the most prevalent (70%) type of sexual abuse. Meanwhile, the modal age for sexual abuse in the study sample was 12 years, which represents 46% of reported cases, while the most vulnerable age group comprised pubertal (11-13 years) children, who accounted for 69% of all sexual abuse cases. On the one hand, beginning teachers (0-5 years), who comprised 63% of the study sample, were most at risk of sexually abusing school children. Finally, 78% of 32 cases handled by the courts resulted in convictions, while 83% of all teacher perpetrators were dismissed from the teaching service.
The results of the study clearly indicate that the problem of teacher perpetrated child sexual abuse is not uncommon among rural primary schools in Zimbabwe. The study has also shown that the perpetrators of child sexual abuse in rural primary schools are generally male teachers; a majority of them are young and inexperienced. Finally, this study showed that penetrative sex was the most prevalent form of abuse (70%), perpetrated on predominantly female victims (98%), and that all perpetrator teachers were males, and may clearly reflect Zimbabwe's highly patriarchal society.
本研究的主要目的是调查津巴布韦农村小学教师对小学生实施性虐待报告案例的性质和规模。该研究还根据受害者和犯罪者的特征确定了儿童性虐待报告案例的分布情况。
这是一项回顾性病例系列研究，研究对象是从六个随机选择的教育辖区抽取的儿童性虐待报告案例。该研究涵盖了8年时间（1990 - 1997年），并使用了110份教师犯罪者的非临床病例档案作为研究样本。采用描述性统计分析研究结果。
按性别划分，108名（98%）受害者为女孩，而所有犯罪者均为男教师。插入式性行为是最普遍的（70%）性虐待类型。同时，研究样本中性虐待的典型年龄为12岁，占报告案例的46%，而最易受伤害的年龄组为青春期（11 - 13岁）儿童，占所有性虐待案例的69%。一方面，教龄在0至5年的新教师占研究样本的63%，他们对在校儿童进行性虐待的风险最高。最后，法院处理的32起案件中有78%被定罪，而所有教师犯罪者中有83%被开除教职。
研究结果清楚地表明，教师对儿童实施性虐待的问题在津巴布韦农村小学并不罕见。该研究还表明，农村小学儿童性虐待的犯罪者通常是男教师；其中大多数年轻且缺乏经验。最后，这项研究表明，插入式性行为是最普遍的虐待形式（70%），主要针对女性受害者（98%），而且所有犯罪教师均为男性，这可能清楚地反映了津巴布韦高度男权的社会。
