Chen W, Wang C H
Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2001 Nov 8;47(2):137-44. doi: 10.3354/dao047137.
Addition of copper sulfate (0.1 to 0.4 mg l(-1)) to tryptic soy broth (TSB) had no effect on growth rate of the bacterial pathogen Lactococcus garvieae. Giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii were injected with L. garvieae (4 x 10(6) colony-forming units [cfu] prawn(-1)) grown in TSB or TSB containing copper sulfate at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mg l(-1). After 48 h, the cumulative mortality was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for prawns exposed to L. garvieae grown in 0.4 mg l(-1) copper sulfate than at the lower concentrations examined. In other experiments, prawns were injected with TSB-grown L. garvieae (4 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(5) cfu prawn(-1)), then held in water containing copper sulfate. After 8 h the mortality of L. garvieae-exposed prawns held in water containing 0.4 mg l(-1) copper sulfate was significantly higher than prawns held in water containing 0.2 and 0.3 mg l(-1) copper sulfate. At the lower L. garvieae density, cumulative mortality of prawns increased directly with ambient copper sulfate concentrations in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 mg l(-1). All prawns survived a 168 h exposure to 0.1 mg l(-1) copper sulfate. Prawns exposed to different concentrations of copper sulfate were examined for hemocyte density, phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst. No significant differences in hemocyte density were observed among treatments. In prawns following a 48 h exposure to 0.1 mg l(-1) copper sulfate, phenoloxidase activity was decreased, but respiratory burst was increased. In conclusion, copper sulfate increased the virulence of L. garvieae to M. rosenbergii and modulated its immune system. Copper sulfate at 0.1 mg l(-1) decreased susceptibility of M. rosenbergii to L garvieae infection, whereas at 0.2 mg l(-1) the susceptibility was increased. The generation of superoxide anion by M. rosenbergii exposed to copper sulfate at a concentration higher than 0.2 mg l(-1) was considered to be cytoxic.
在胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤（TSB）中添加硫酸铜（0.1至0.4毫克/升）对细菌性病原菌加氏乳球菌的生长速率没有影响。将罗氏沼虾注射接种在TSB或含0.1、0.2、0.3或0.4毫克/升硫酸铜的TSB中培养的加氏乳球菌（4×10⁶菌落形成单位[cfu]/只虾）。48小时后，暴露于在0.4毫克/升硫酸铜中培养的加氏乳球菌的虾的累积死亡率显著更高（p<0.05），高于在较低浓度硫酸铜中培养的加氏乳球菌。在其他实验中，给虾注射接种在TSB中培养的加氏乳球菌（4×10⁶和2×10⁵cfu/只虾），然后置于含硫酸铜的水中。8小时后，置于含0.4毫克/升硫酸铜水中的暴露于加氏乳球菌的虾的死亡率显著高于置于含0.2和0.3毫克/升硫酸铜水中的虾。在较低的加氏乳球菌密度下，虾的累积死亡率在0.2至0.4毫克/升的环境硫酸铜浓度范围内直接增加。所有虾在暴露于0.1毫克/升硫酸铜168小时后均存活。对暴露于不同浓度硫酸铜的虾进行血细胞密度、酚氧化酶活性和呼吸爆发检测。各处理间血细胞密度未观察到显著差异。在虾暴露于0.1毫克/升硫酸铜48小时后，酚氧化酶活性降低，但呼吸爆发增加。总之，硫酸铜增加了加氏乳球菌对罗氏沼虾的毒力并调节了其免疫系统。0.1毫克/升的硫酸铜降低了罗氏沼虾对加氏乳球菌感染的易感性，而0.2毫克/升时易感性增加。浓度高于0.2毫克/升的硫酸铜使罗氏沼虾产生的超氧阴离子被认为具有细胞毒性。
