Spillantini P, Taccetti F, Papini P, Rossi L, Casolino M
INFN and University, Firenze, Italy.
Phys Med. 2001;17 Suppl 1:249-54.
The radiation absorbed by astronauts during interplanetary flights is mainly due to cosmic rays of solar origin (SCR). In the most powerful solar flares the dose absorbed in few hours can exceed that cumulated in one year of exposition to the galactic component of cosmic rays (GCR). At energies above the minimum one needed to cross the walls of the spaceship there are extrapolations and guesses, but no data, on the angular distribution of SCR's, an information that is necessary for establishing whatever defence strategy. It was therefore proposed of sending to Mars a measurement device, that should continuously collect data during the travel, and possibly also in the orbit around Mars and on the Mars surface. The device should identify the particle and privilege the completeness in the measurement of its parameters. In fact the high energy electrons travel at speed of the light and could be used in the and future dangerous proton component. Also the much less abundant but individually more dangerous ions should be identified. The device should indeed include a magnetic spectrometer and a high granularity range telescope, and a good time of flight measurement. ASI is supporting an assessment study of a possible mission of such a device on board of the 2005 probe to Mars. A parallel technical study is also in progress to define the workable techniques and the possible configurations of a system of magnetic lenses for protecting the crew of a spaceship.
宇航员在行星际飞行期间吸收的辐射主要源于太阳起源的宇宙射线（SCR）。在最强烈的太阳耀斑期间，数小时内吸收的剂量可能超过宇航员在一年时间内暴露于宇宙射线银河成分（GCR）所累积的剂量。在能量高于穿越宇宙飞船舱壁所需的最低能量时，对于SCR的角分布只有推断和猜测，而没有相关数据，而这一信息对于制定任何防御策略都是必不可少的。因此，有人提议向火星发射一个测量装置，该装置应在飞行过程中持续收集数据，可能还包括在火星轨道和火星表面收集数据。该装置应能识别粒子，并优先确保对其参数测量的完整性。事实上，高能电子以光速传播，可用于识别未来危险的质子成分。此外，还应识别数量少得多但单个更危险的离子。该装置确实应包括一个磁谱仪、一个高粒度范围望远镜以及精确的飞行时间测量装置。意大利航天局正在支持一项评估研究，探讨在2005年火星探测器上搭载这种装置执行任务的可能性。同时，一项并行的技术研究也在进行中，以确定可行的技术以及用于保护宇宙飞船乘员的磁透镜系统的可能配置。
