被归类为饮食节制或不节制的绝经后女性的能量消耗。

Bathalon G P, Hays N P, McCrory M A, Vinken A G, Tucker K L, Greenberg A S, Castaneda C, Roberts S B

Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.

Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001 Dec;55(12):1059-67. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601268.

OBJECTIVE

Restrained eating is a common dietary practice among individuals who are attempting to prevent weight gain, but little is known about differences in energy physiology and regulation between restrained and unrestrained eaters. We investigated this issue in non-obese free-living postmenopausal women classified as long-term restrained (n=26) or unrestrained (n=34) eaters group matched for body mass index (BMI).

MEASUREMENTS

Measurements were made of total energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, reported leisure time activity, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and weight change during the study period. In addition, physical activity level (PAL) and nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) were calculated from measured variables.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences between the groups in body composition, weight change, aerobic capacity or total leisure time activity. Relationships between fat-free mass (FFM) and both REE and TEE, and the relationship between work load and energy expenditure in the test of maximal oxygen consumption, were also not different between groups. However, restrained eaters had a significantly lower PAL (equal to TEE/REE, 1.72+/-0.04 vs 1.84+/-0.04, P<0.05). In addition, in multiple regression models predicting NEAT, NEAT was significantly lower in restrained eaters than unrestrained eaters and there was a positive relationship between NEAT and weight change in unrestrained eaters but no relationship in restrained eaters (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

In contrast to a previous report, we found no significant difference in TEE between restrained and unrestrained eaters. PAL was slightly lower in restrained eaters, apparently due to reduced NEAT, and restrained eaters also lacked the positive association between NEAT and body weight change seen in unrestrained eaters. This latter finding, if confirmed in future studies, could help explain an increased susceptibility of restrained eaters to weight gain.

SPONSORSHIP

NIH grants AG12829, DK46124 and T32AG00209, and US Cooperative Agreement number 58-1950-9-001.

目的

限制饮食是试图防止体重增加的人群中常见的饮食习惯，但关于限制饮食者和非限制饮食者在能量生理学和调节方面的差异，人们知之甚少。我们在非肥胖的自由生活绝经后女性中调查了这个问题，这些女性被分为长期限制饮食组（n = 26）或非限制饮食组（n = 34），两组在体重指数（BMI）上相匹配。

测量

对总能量消耗（TEE）、静息能量消耗（REE）、身体成分、报告的休闲时间活动、最大有氧能力（VO2max）以及研究期间的体重变化进行了测量。此外，根据测量变量计算了身体活动水平（PAL）和非运动活动产热（NEAT）。

结果

两组在身体成分、体重变化、有氧能力或总休闲时间活动方面没有显著差异。在无脂肪体重（FFM）与REE和TEE之间的关系，以及在最大耗氧量测试中工作负荷与能量消耗之间的关系，两组之间也没有差异。然而，限制饮食者的PAL显著较低（等于TEE/REE，1.72±0.04对1.84±0.04，P<0.05）。此外，在预测NEAT的多元回归模型中，限制饮食者的NEAT显著低于非限制饮食者，并且在非限制饮食者中NEAT与体重变化呈正相关，而在限制饮食者中则无此关系（P<0.05）。