Yao M, McCrory M A, Ma G, Li Y, Dolnikowski G G, Roberts S B
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;56(7):575-84. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601361.
To examine total energy expenditure (TEE) in relation to occupation and reported leisure time activities in free-living Chinese adults, and to determine whether measured TEE values differ from current international dietary energy recommendations.
Seventy three weight-maintaining adults aged 35-49 y, leading unrestricted lives in urban Beijing, with a wide variety of occupations.
A cross-sectional study in which TEE was determined by doubly labeled water, body composition by deuterium oxide ((2)H(2)O) dilution, resting energy expenditure (pREE) by prediction equations, and occupational and leisure time activities by questionnaire.
For men and women respectively, TEE averaged 12.10+/-0.32 and 9.53+/-0.23 MJ/day (P<0.001), and physical activity level (PAL=TEE/pREE) was 1.77+/-0.04 and 1.66+/-0.02 (P<0.05). Fat-free mass (FFM) was the single best predictor of TEE (adjusted r(2)=0.71, P<0.001). Occupational category (light, moderate and heavy) further predicted TEE, independent of FFM (adjusted multiple r(2)=0.82, P<0.001). Both TEE adjusted for weight and PAL increased with occupational category. Measured TEE was slightly but significantly higher than the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU estimates for women with light occupations, but did not differ from estimates for men with light occupations, or for adults with moderate or heavy occupations.
Level of occupational activity, but not duration or type of leisure activity, significantly predicted TEE in free-living urban Chinese adults. Current energy requirement recommendations slightly underestimated the energy needs of women with light occupations but were accurate for men and women with moderate and heavy occupations.
NIH grants DK53404 and F32-DK09747.
研究中国城市自由生活成年人的总能量消耗（TEE）与职业及所报告的休闲活动之间的关系，并确定测量得到的TEE值是否与当前国际膳食能量推荐值不同。
73名年龄在35 - 49岁的体重维持稳定的成年人，在北京城市过着不受限制的生活，职业广泛多样。
一项横断面研究，其中通过双标水法测定TEE，通过氧化氘（(2)H(2)O）稀释法测定身体成分，通过预测方程测定静息能量消耗（pREE），并通过问卷调查了解职业和休闲活动情况。
男性和女性的TEE平均分别为12.10±0.32和9.53±0.23兆焦/天（P<0.001），身体活动水平（PAL = TEE/pREE）分别为1.77±0.04和1.66±0.02（P<0.05）。去脂体重（FFM）是TEE的最佳单一预测指标（调整后r(2)=0.71，P<0.001）。职业类别（轻、中、重）进一步预测TEE，独立于FFM（调整后多元r(2)=0.82，P<0.001）。调整体重和PAL后的TEE均随职业类别增加。对于从事轻体力职业的女性，测量得到的TEE略高于但显著高于1985年粮农组织/世界卫生组织/联合国大学的估计值，但对于从事轻体力职业的男性或从事中、重体力职业的成年人，测量值与估计值无差异。
职业活动水平而非休闲活动的持续时间或类型，能显著预测中国城市自由生活成年人的TEE。当前的能量需求推荐值略微低估了从事轻体力职业女性的能量需求，但对从事中、重体力职业的男性和女性是准确的。
美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）资助DK53404和F32 - DK09747。
