Locker D, Poulton R, Thomson W M
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001 Dec;29(6):456-63. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.290607.x.
It has been suggested that some individuals who are fearful or anxious about dental treatment have a constitutional vulnerability to anxiety disorders as evidenced by the presence of multiple fears, generalized anxiety or panic disorders. This paper compares the prevalence of psychological disorders among dentally anxious and non-anxious groups drawn from the general population.
Data were obtained as part of a birth cohort study when study members were aged 18 years. They were assessed using the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). The disorders diagnosed by the DIS were major depressive episode, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, simple phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, conduct disorder, cannabis and alcohol dependence.
Overall, 12.5% of study members had DAS scores of 13 or more and were considered to be dentally anxious. Those who were dentally anxious were more likely than the non-anxious to be diagnosed with one or more psychological disorders (55.0% vs. 42.3%). However, those with DAS scores of 13 or 14 (moderately dentally anxious) were broadly similar to the non-anxious in terms of their psychological profile. This excess prevalence of psychological disorder was largely accounted for by high rates of disorder among those with DAS scores of 15 or more (highly dentally anxious). The highly anxious were more likely than the non-anxious to have a diagnosis of conduct disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, simple phobia or alcohol dependence. Odds ratios ranged from 2.8 to 5.0 after controlling for the effects of gender. The data also suggested that dentally anxious individuals with psychological disorders were more likely to maintain their anxiety over time.
In this population of young adults, high rates of psychological disorder were characteristic of those with high levels of dental anxiety. Psychological disorder was related to the maintenance of dental anxiety over time.
有观点认为，一些对牙科治疗感到恐惧或焦虑的个体存在患焦虑症的体质易感性，表现为存在多种恐惧、广泛性焦虑或惊恐障碍。本文比较了从普通人群中抽取的牙科焦虑组和非焦虑组中心理障碍的患病率。
数据来自一项出生队列研究，研究对象为18岁时的研究成员。使用牙科焦虑量表（DAS）和诊断访谈表（DIS）对他们进行评估。DIS诊断的疾病包括重度抑郁发作、心境恶劣、广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、广场恐惧症、社交恐惧症、单纯恐惧症、强迫症、品行障碍、大麻和酒精依赖。
总体而言，12.5%的研究成员DAS得分在13分及以上，被认为存在牙科焦虑。牙科焦虑者比非焦虑者更有可能被诊断出患有一种或多种心理障碍（55.0%对42.3%）。然而，DAS得分在13或14分（中度牙科焦虑）的人与非焦虑者在心理特征方面大致相似。心理障碍患病率过高在很大程度上是由DAS得分在15分及以上（高度牙科焦虑）的人群中高发病率所导致的。高度焦虑者比非焦虑者更有可能被诊断出患有品行障碍、广场恐惧症、社交恐惧症、单纯恐惧症或酒精依赖。在控制了性别的影响后，优势比在2.8至5.0之间。数据还表明，患有心理障碍的牙科焦虑个体随着时间推移更有可能维持其焦虑状态。
在这群年轻成年人中，心理障碍的高发病率是牙科焦虑程度高者的特征。心理障碍与牙科焦虑随时间的维持有关。
