Goisman R M, Allsworth J, Rogers M P, Warshaw M G, Goldenberg I, Vasile R G, Rodriguez-Villa F, Mallya G, Keller M B
Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston 02115, USA.
Depress Anxiety. 1998;7(3):105-12.
This study sought to describe clinical and demographic characteristics differentiating patients with DSM-III-R simple phobias comorbid with one or more of five DSM-III-R index anxiety disorders as compared with those with the index diagnoses alone. From 711 subjects participating in a multicenter, longitudinal, naturalistic study of anxiety disorders, 115 subjects with comorbid simple phobias were compared with 596 subjects without simple phobias in terms of demographic data, comorbidity with other disorders, somatic and psychosocial treatment received, and quality of life. In addition, episode characteristics, types of simple phobias found, and course of illness were specified. Subjects with simple phobias had more additional comorbid anxiety disorders by history than did those without. Mean length of intake episode was 22.43 years and severity was typically moderate. Fears of heights and animals were the most commonly represented simple phobias. Subjects with uncomplicated panic disorder were less likely to have comorbid simple phobias than were subjects with other index diagnoses, and subjects with simple phobia were more likely to have comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder than were these without simple phobia. Subjects with and without simple phobias did not differ by somatic or psychosocial treatment received or in terms of quality of life. Simple phobia appeared in this study to be a chronic illness of moderate severity for which behavioral treatment methods of recognized efficacy were not being frequently utilized. Uncomplicated panic disorder may reflect some type of resistance to phobia development.
本研究旨在描述与仅患有DSM-III-R索引焦虑症之一的患者相比，患有与五种DSM-III-R索引焦虑症中的一种或多种共病的DSM-III-R单纯恐惧症患者的临床和人口统计学特征。在711名参与焦虑症多中心、纵向、自然主义研究的受试者中，将115名患有共病单纯恐惧症的受试者与596名没有单纯恐惧症的受试者在人口统计学数据、与其他疾病的共病情况、接受的躯体和心理社会治疗以及生活质量方面进行了比较。此外，还明确了发作特征、发现的单纯恐惧症类型以及病程。有单纯恐惧症的受试者既往患其他共病焦虑症的情况比没有单纯恐惧症的受试者更多。平均就诊时间为22.43年，严重程度通常为中度。对高度和动物的恐惧是最常见的单纯恐惧症表现。与患有其他索引诊断的受试者相比，患有单纯惊恐障碍的受试者患共病单纯恐惧症的可能性较小，而患有单纯恐惧症的受试者比没有单纯恐惧症的受试者更易患共病创伤后应激障碍。有和没有单纯恐惧症的受试者在接受的躯体或心理社会治疗或生活质量方面没有差异。在本研究中，单纯恐惧症似乎是一种中度严重的慢性疾病，而公认有效的行为治疗方法并未经常使用。单纯惊恐障碍可能反映了对恐惧症发展的某种抵抗类型。
