Maddox David A, Alavi Fred K, Silbernick Elizabeth M, Zawada Edward T
Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, USA.
Kidney Int. 2002 Jan;61(1):96-104. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00091.x.
Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperfiltration, hyperinsulinemia, glomerular hypertrophy, and ultimately glomerular injury and renal failure are associated with obesity in the Zucker rat. Evidence from other laboratories suggests that soy protein might offer renal protection.
At five weeks of age obese rats were placed on diets containing either soy or casein as a protein source and studied until 24 weeks of age. At six weeks of age and every four weeks thereafter, 24-hour urine collections were obtained along with measurements of systolic blood pressure (tail cuff) and blood from the tail vein. At the end of the study the kidneys were fixed and sectioned for histology.
Both groups gained weight and developed systemic hypertension and hyperinsulinemia at the same rate. Glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance) also was similar between groups throughout the study and both groups developed glomerular hypertrophy to the same extent. The development of hypertriglyceridemia was actually accelerated in the soy-fed rats compared to the casein-fed animals. The soy diet, however, virtually completely prevented the development of hypercholesterolemia, primarily low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and/or very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and slowed the development of proteinuria and glomerular injury.
The data suggest that an important determinant of the protective effects of soy was related to the prevention of hypercholesterolemia in this model. Other unmeasured differences between groups, such as differences in glomerular capillary blood pressure or the effects of the antioxidant properties of soy components also may have contributed to the protective effects of soy.
在 Zucker 大鼠中，高血压、高脂血症、高滤过、高胰岛素血症、肾小球肥大，以及最终的肾小球损伤和肾衰竭都与肥胖有关。其他实验室的证据表明，大豆蛋白可能具有肾脏保护作用。
5 周龄的肥胖大鼠被给予含大豆或酪蛋白作为蛋白质来源的饮食，并持续研究至 24 周龄。在 6 周龄时以及此后每 4 周，收集 24 小时尿液，同时测量收缩压（尾套法）和尾静脉血。在研究结束时，将肾脏固定并切片进行组织学检查。
两组大鼠体重增加，且以相同速率出现全身性高血压和高胰岛素血症。在整个研究过程中，两组的肾小球滤过率（肌酐清除率）也相似，且两组肾小球肥大程度相同。与酪蛋白喂养的动物相比，大豆喂养的大鼠高甘油三酯血症的发展实际上有所加速。然而，大豆饮食几乎完全阻止了高胆固醇血症的发展，主要是低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和/或极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）胆固醇，并减缓了蛋白尿和肾小球损伤的发展。
数据表明，在该模型中，大豆保护作用的一个重要决定因素与预防高胆固醇血症有关。两组之间其他未测量的差异，如肾小球毛细血管血压的差异或大豆成分抗氧化特性的影响，也可能对大豆的保护作用有贡献。
