Department of Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutricion, S. Z. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 Jan;300(1):F263-71. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00171.2010. Epub 2010 Oct 20.
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. It is not clear whether the adoption of a high-protein diet in obese patients affects renal lipid metabolism or kidney function. Thus the aims of this study were to assess in obese Zuckerfa/fa rats the effects of different types and amounts of dietary protein on the expression of lipogenic and inflammatory genes, as well as renal lipid concentration and biochemical parameters of kidney function. Rats were fed different concentrations of soy protein or casein (20, 30, 45%) for 2 mo. Independent of the type of protein ingested, higher dietary protein intake led to higher serum triglycerides (TG) than rats fed adequate concentrations of protein. Additionally, the soy protein diet significantly increased serum TG compared with the casein diet. However, rats fed soy protein had significantly decreased serum cholesterol concentrations compared with those fed a casein diet. No significant differences in renal TG and cholesterol concentrations were observed between rats fed with either protein diets. Renal expression of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) and its target gene HMG-CoA reductase was significantly increased as the concentration of dietary protein increased. The highest protein diets were associated with greater expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the kidney, independent of the type of dietary protein. These results indicate that high soy or casein protein diets upregulate the expression of lipogenic and proinflammatory genes in the kidney.
肥胖是慢性肾脏病（CKD）和终末期肾病（ESRD）发展的一个危险因素。目前尚不清楚肥胖患者采用高蛋白饮食是否会影响肾脏脂质代谢或肾功能。因此，本研究旨在评估不同类型和数量的膳食蛋白质对肥胖 Zuckerfa/fa 大鼠脂肪生成和炎症基因表达、肾脏脂质浓度以及肾功能生化参数的影响。大鼠接受不同浓度的大豆蛋白或酪蛋白（20、30、45%）喂养 2 个月。无论摄入的蛋白质类型如何，较高的膳食蛋白质摄入导致血清甘油三酯（TG）高于摄入适量蛋白质的大鼠。此外，与酪蛋白饮食相比，大豆蛋白饮食显著增加了血清 TG。然而，与摄入酪蛋白饮食的大鼠相比，摄入大豆蛋白的大鼠血清胆固醇浓度显著降低。在摄入两种蛋白质饮食的大鼠之间，肾脏 TG 和胆固醇浓度没有显著差异。随着膳食蛋白质浓度的增加，固醇调节元件结合蛋白 2（SREBP-2）及其靶基因 HMG-CoA 还原酶在肾脏中的表达显著增加。最高蛋白饮食与肾脏中促炎细胞因子的表达增加有关，而与膳食蛋白质的类型无关。这些结果表明，高大豆或酪蛋白饮食会上调肾脏中脂肪生成和促炎基因的表达。
