Bihari-Axelsson Susanna, Axelsson Runo
Centre for Development of Health Services, Karolinska Institute, PO Box 4402, SE-102 68 Stockholm, Sweden.
Health Policy. 2002 Jan;59(1):25-36. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8510(01)00170-1.
There is a unique system of sanatoriums and health resorts in the Russian Federation that is not so well known outside the country. These facilities are used for prophylactic treatment of the working population, but they are not part of the health care system. As a result of the historical development, the sanatoriums and health resorts are instead a responsibility of the Russian system of social insurance. Based on three different empirical studies and a review of research in the field, this article describes the development of sanatoriums and health resorts, the different prophylactic treatments they provide, the medical and economic effects of their treatments, and the role of these facilities in the Russian society. The conclusion is that this system of sanatoriums and health resorts seems to be beneficial, both for the people and for the national economy, but there are a number of issues that have to be addressed if the system shall be able to survive in the present economic situation.
俄罗斯联邦有一个独特的疗养院和度假胜地体系，在国外鲜为人知。这些设施用于在职人员的预防性治疗，但它们并非医疗保健系统的一部分。由于历史发展的原因，疗养院和度假胜地反而由俄罗斯社会保险系统负责。基于三项不同的实证研究以及对该领域研究的综述，本文描述了疗养院和度假胜地的发展情况、它们提供的不同预防性治疗、治疗的医学和经济效果，以及这些设施在俄罗斯社会中的作用。结论是，这个疗养院和度假胜地体系似乎对民众和国民经济都有益，但如果该体系要在当前经济形势下生存下去，有一些问题必须得到解决。
