Zone M A, Wanke M M
Departamento de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 2001;57:215-9.
The detection of fetal pathology is important for the care of puppies in the postnatal period. The objective of this study was to identify parameters of fetal distress by determining fetal heart rate and bowel movements, and also to detect early pathology by means of fetal biometry, which involves determination of the biparietal and abdominal diameters. Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out on 30 pregnant bitches of different breeds and ages at least three times, including examination at days 40-47, days 48-57, and days 58-62 after coitus, and subsequently every 12-14 h for 3 days before parturition. Fetuses that had biparietal:abdominal diameter ratios of < 2 at the second and third series of ultrasonography, or after birth were considered to have intrauterine growth retardation. The average weight of each litter was calculated and puppies that weighed < 20% of the average weight were also considered to have experienced intrauterine growth retardation. Intrauterine growth retardation occurred in 39.6% of the bitches studied. Fetuses were considered to be normal when heart rate, determined by a Doppler flowmeter was > 220 beats min-1; suffering from slight fetal distress when heart rate was between 180 and 220 beats min-1; suffering from severe fetal distress when heart rate was < 180 beats min-1. Some level of distress was observed in 33.0% of puppies. In 86.7% of bitches, bowel movements were observed in at least one puppy, and appeared to be correlated with fetal distress. Bowel movements were observed in all of the puppies that had severe fetal distress (heart rate < 180 beats min-1), whereas bowel movements were observed in only 40.0% of puppies with slight fetal distress (heart rate 180-200 beats min-1). In conclusion, ultrasonographic evaluation allowed identification of fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation, and bowel movements were a reliable indicator of fetal distress; these conditions are presumed to indicate a greater perinatal risk.
胎儿病变的检测对于幼犬出生后的护理很重要。本研究的目的是通过测定胎儿心率和肠道蠕动来确定胎儿窘迫的参数，并通过胎儿生物测量法检测早期病变，胎儿生物测量法包括测定双顶径和腹径。对30只不同品种和年龄的怀孕母犬进行了至少三次超声检查，包括交配后第40 - 47天、第48 - 57天和第58 - 62天的检查，随后在分娩前3天每12 - 14小时检查一次。在第二次和第三次超声检查时或出生后，双顶径与腹径比值< 2的胎儿被认为有宫内生长迟缓。计算每窝幼犬的平均体重，体重低于平均体重20%的幼犬也被认为有宫内生长迟缓。在所研究的母犬中，39.6%发生了宫内生长迟缓。当用多普勒流量计测定的心率> 220次/分钟时，胎儿被认为是正常的；心率在180至220次/分钟之间时，胎儿患有轻度窘迫；心率< 180次/分钟时，胎儿患有严重窘迫。在33.0%的幼犬中观察到了某种程度的窘迫。在86.7%的母犬中，至少有一只幼犬出现了肠道蠕动，且似乎与胎儿窘迫相关。在所有患有严重胎儿窘迫（心率< 180次/分钟）的幼犬中都观察到了肠道蠕动，而在患有轻度胎儿窘迫（心率180 - 200次/分钟）的幼犬中，只有40.0%观察到了肠道蠕动。总之，超声评估可以识别出有宫内生长迟缓的胎儿，肠道蠕动是胎儿窘迫的可靠指标；这些情况被认为表明围产期风险更大。
