Mass R
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikums Hamburg-Eppendorf.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2002 Jan;70(1):34-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-19557.
Deficits in vigilance/sustained attention of schizophrenic subjects have been a main topic of neuropsychological schizophrenia research for many years. The degraded stimulus Continuous Performance Test (ds-CPT) is the standard paradigm for measuring vigilance. Measurement of vigilance requires the observation of the course of perceptual sensitivity over time. The present review shows that from a theoretical point of view it is possible to show vigilance deficits (as a decrease of sensitivity) with the ds-CPT if certain conditions are given. However, only in a few schizophrenia studies the course of sensitivity over time was evaluated, while in most studies merely the level of sensitivity was analysed. Results presented in this review suggest that level and course of sensitivity are largely independent variables. Vigilance can be operationalised adequately only when considering the course of sensitivity over time. Therefore there still is a considerable need for research on the meaning of vigilance deficits for manifestation, course and treatment of schizophrenia.
多年来，精神分裂症患者的警觉性/持续注意力缺陷一直是神经心理学领域精神分裂症研究的主要课题。简化版连续性能测试（ds-CPT）是测量警觉性的标准范式。警觉性的测量需要观察感知敏感度随时间的变化过程。本综述表明，从理论角度来看，如果满足某些条件，使用ds-CPT有可能显示出警觉性缺陷（即敏感度下降）。然而，在少数精神分裂症研究中评估了敏感度随时间的变化过程，而在大多数研究中仅分析了敏感度水平。本综述呈现的结果表明，敏感度水平和变化过程在很大程度上是相互独立的变量。只有考虑到敏感度随时间的变化过程，才能充分实现对警觉性的操作化。因此，对于警觉性缺陷在精神分裂症的表现、病程和治疗中的意义，仍有相当大的研究需求。
