Spielman A
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Dec;951:220-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02699.x.
The abundance and structure of urban autogenous and anautogenous populations of Culex pipiens mosquitoes were documented systematically in Boston, MA, during three successive years. Autogenous larvae become abundant mainly in enclosed sites and anautogenous larvae in sites that provide free access and egress. Both populations begin to proliferate when the water temperature exceeds 15 degrees C during June. Larval anautogenous mosquitoes increase in abundance 10-fold in two weeks and autogenous in three weeks. Although anautogenous larvae rapidly disappear after mid-August when winter diapause commences, the abundance of autogenous larvae continues to increase until mid-October. The forms generally are reproductively isolated in nature but occasionally hybridize during August and thereafter. Anautogenous females feed mainly on birds; autogenous females generally never feed on blood; and hybrid females appear to feed indiscriminately on avian or mammalian hosts. Such northern C. p. pipiens mosquitoes range as far south as 33 degrees N. Taken together, these observations suggest that C. p. pipiens-borne pathogens may proliferate in the northern United States until mid-August and affect human hosts thereafter. Intensity of transmission decreases toward the south.
在马萨诸塞州波士顿连续三年系统记录了致倦库蚊城市自生和非自生种群的数量及结构。自生幼虫主要在封闭场所大量出现，而非自生幼虫在有自由进出通道的场所出现。当6月水温超过15摄氏度时，这两种种群都开始繁殖。非自生幼虫数量在两周内增加10倍，自生幼虫在三周内增加。尽管非自生幼虫在8月中旬冬季滞育开始后迅速消失，但自生幼虫数量持续增加直至10月中旬。这两种类型在自然状态下通常生殖隔离，但偶尔在8月及之后杂交。非自生雌蚊主要以鸟类为食；自生雌蚊通常从不吸食血液；杂交雌蚊似乎不加区分地以鸟类或哺乳动物宿主为食。这种北方的致倦库蚊分布南至北纬33度。综合来看，这些观察结果表明，致倦库蚊传播的病原体可能在美国北部一直繁殖到8月中旬，之后影响人类宿主。传播强度向南递减。
