[甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗病毒的水平传播]

Huang X, Cao Y, Tan S

Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2001 Apr 25;81(8):465-7.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the horizontal transmission of virus after inoculation with live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine.

METHODS

One hundred and ninety nine children aged 4 approximately 7 years without anti-HAV and with normal ALT level have been screened out at two trial fields in Anning, Kunming and divided into vaccine group (82 children) and contact group (117 children) to observe the horizontal transmission of the live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine virus (H2 strain). Four supernatant specimens of HAV positive fecal suspension derived from individual vaccines and contacts were taken and injected intravenousely into 8 common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) for detecting the virulence level of HAV.

RESULTS

The rates of seroconversion were 97.6% (80/82) for vaccine group 6 weeks after inoculation and 13.7% (16/117) for contact group at the ninth week of observation. The detection rates of fecal HAV were 89.5% (34/38) and 70.7% (53/75), respectively. No liver functional abnormality has been found in either groups. The responses of 8 marmosets separately infected with fecal shedding HAV of 2 vaccines and 2 contacts have been examined with neither elevations of serum liver enzyme nor liver histopathological changes but delay seroconversions as well as low titers of anti-HAV.

CONCLUSION

The safety and immunogenicity live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (H2 strain) were good. The vaccine virus could actively propagate but keep the stability of attenuated characteristics in human bodies, and might result in horizontal transmission but not induce hepatitis A in crowd.

目的

探讨接种甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗后病毒的水平传播情况。

方法

在昆明安宁的两个试验点筛选出199名4至7岁、无抗-HAV且丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平正常的儿童，分为疫苗组（82名儿童）和接触组（117名儿童），观察甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗病毒（H2株）的水平传播。采集来自个体疫苗接种者和接触者的4份甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）阳性粪便悬液上清标本，静脉注射给8只普通狨猴（Callithrix jacchus），检测HAV的毒力水平。

结果

接种后6周疫苗组血清阳转率为97.6%（80/82），观察第9周接触组血清阳转率为13.7%（16/117）。粪便HAV检测率分别为89.5%（34/38）和70.7%（53/75）。两组均未发现肝功能异常。对分别感染2名疫苗接种者和2名接触者粪便排出的HAV的8只狨猴进行检测，血清肝酶均未升高，肝脏组织病理学也无变化，但血清阳转延迟且抗-HAV滴度较低。