Powrie R O
Brown University School of Medicine, Division of Obstetric and Consultative Medicine, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence 02905, USA.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2001 Dec;15(6):913-36. doi: 10.1053/beog.2001.0238.
Respiratory illnesses are the commonest cause of patient visits to physicians. Although the common cold, sinusitis and bronchitis may be lacking in drama, they account for a substantial amount of morbidity among women of reproductive age and are frequently encountered by physicians caring for pregnant women. Present knowledge about the management of these common conditions and the safety of the medications often used to treat them are reviewed in this chapter. Asthma and community-acquired pneumonia are more serious respiratory illnesses that are also often encountered in pregnancy. Present evidence suggests that community-acquired pneumonia is best treated empirically, with additional investigation usually necessary only if there is a failure of initial treatment. The recognition of asthma as an inflammatory condition has led to a very specific approach to its management that can readily and safely be applied to the pregnant woman. Treatment of HIV and tuberculosis should not be withheld during pregnancy because of the life-threatening nature of these infections and the importance of preventing vertical transmission.
呼吸系统疾病是患者就医最常见的原因。虽然普通感冒、鼻窦炎和支气管炎可能并不严重，但它们在育龄女性中导致了大量发病情况，并且经常出现在照顾孕妇的医生的诊疗中。本章将回顾目前关于这些常见病症的治疗以及常用于治疗它们的药物安全性的知识。哮喘和社区获得性肺炎是更严重的呼吸系统疾病，在孕期也经常出现。目前的证据表明，社区获得性肺炎最好进行经验性治疗，通常只有在初始治疗失败时才需要进一步检查。将哮喘视为一种炎症性疾病的认识导致了一种非常具体的管理方法，这种方法可以轻松且安全地应用于孕妇。由于这些感染危及生命以及预防垂直传播的重要性，孕期不应停止对艾滋病毒和结核病的治疗。
