Shapiro S M, Nakamura H
Department of Neurology, Medical College of Virginia, Randolph Minor Hall, 307 College Street, 7th Floor, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
J Perinatol. 2001 Dec;21 Suppl 1:S52-5; discussion S59-62. doi: 10.1038/sj.jp.7210635.
The auditory system is highly sensitive to bilirubin toxicity. Damage to the auditory nervous system includes auditory neuropathy or auditory dyssynchrony and auditory processing problems which may occur with or without deafness, hearing loss. Auditory dysfunction may occur in children with or without other signs of classical kernicterus. Bilirubin selectively damages the brainstem auditory nuclei, and may also damage the auditory nerve and spiral ganglion containing cell bodies of primary auditory neurons. The inner ear, thalamic and cortical auditory pathways appear to be spared. Noninvasive auditory neurophysiological tests such as the auditory brainstem response (ABR) or brainstem auditory response (BAER) play an important role in the early detection of bilirubin-induced auditory and central nervous system dysfunction in the neonate.
听觉系统对胆红素毒性高度敏感。听觉神经系统损伤包括听神经病或听觉失同步以及听觉处理问题，这些问题可能伴有或不伴有耳聋、听力损失。有或无典型核黄疸其他体征的儿童都可能发生听觉功能障碍。胆红素选择性地损害脑干听觉核，也可能损害包含初级听觉神经元细胞体的听神经和螺旋神经节。内耳、丘脑和皮质听觉通路似乎未受影响。诸如听觉脑干反应（ABR）或脑干听觉反应（BAER）等非侵入性听觉神经生理学测试在新生儿胆红素诱导的听觉和中枢神经系统功能障碍的早期检测中发挥着重要作用。
