Moon-Massat Paula F, Erb Hollis N
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401, USA.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2002 Jan-Feb;38(1):90-6. doi: 10.5326/0380090.
This prospective study examined the perioperative factors associated with puppy vigor in a clinical population of 807 litters containing 3,410 cesarean-derived puppies. Information was obtained from 109 private and institutional practices in the United States and Canada. Puppy vigor was determined by assessing three spontaneous conditions within 2 minutes after delivery: breathing, moving, and vocalizing. The percentages of live-born puppies with these characteristics were 85%, 73%, and 60%, respectively. After screening tests, logistic-regression models were run on all remaining factors using the litter as the unit of analysis, and odds ratios [OR] were determined. An OR <1.0 means that the odds are decreased for that puppy vigor condition when the factor is present, compared with a litter in which the factor is not present. Conversely, when the OR is >1.0, the odds are increased for that puppy vigor condition when that factor is present. The following factors were associated with the litter having all puppies breathing at birth: using an inhalant anesthetic (0.36 OR) or ketamine (0.43 OR), surgery at one particular private practice (3.52 OR), and surgery at a teaching institute rather than a private practice (0.36 OR). The following factors were associated with the litter having any spontaneously moving puppies at birth: all puppies breathing spontaneously (2.72 OR), any puppy vocalizing spontaneously (117 OR), using inhalant anesthesia (0.26 OR), and using thiopental or thiamylal (0.37 OR). The following factors were associated with the litter having any spontaneously vocalizing puppies at birth: all puppies breathing spontaneously (2.58 OR), any puppy moving spontaneously (152 OR), brachycephalic dam (0.62 OR), the dam was a Labrador retriever (7.23 OR), and using isoflurane (2.51 OR). In conclusion, the anesthetic factors associated with increased puppy vigor included the use of isoflurane and the avoidance of ketamine, thiamylal, and thiopental.
这项前瞻性研究调查了807窝、共3410只剖腹产幼犬的临床群体中与幼犬活力相关的围手术期因素。信息来自美国和加拿大的109家私人及机构诊所。通过在幼犬出生后2分钟内评估三种自发状况来确定幼犬活力：呼吸、活动和发声。具有这些特征的活产幼犬的比例分别为85%、73%和60%。经过筛选测试后，以窝为分析单位，对所有剩余因素进行逻辑回归模型分析，并确定优势比[OR]。OR<1.0意味着与不存在该因素的窝相比，当该因素存在时，该幼犬活力状况的几率降低。相反，当OR>1.0时，当该因素存在时，该幼犬活力状况的几率增加。以下因素与一窝幼犬在出生时全部呼吸相关：使用吸入性麻醉剂（OR为0.36）或氯胺酮（OR为0.43）、在某一特定私人诊所进行手术（OR为3.52）以及在教学机构而非私人诊所进行手术（OR为0.36）。以下因素与一窝幼犬在出生时有任何自发活动的幼犬相关：所有幼犬自发呼吸（OR为2.72）、任何幼犬自发发声（OR为117）、使用吸入性麻醉（OR为0.26）以及使用硫喷妥钠或硫戊巴比妥（OR为0.37）。以下因素与一窝幼犬在出生时有任何自发发声的幼犬相关：所有幼犬自发呼吸（OR为2.58）、任何幼犬自发活动（OR为152）、短头品种母犬（OR为0.62）、母犬为拉布拉多寻回犬（OR为7.23）以及使用异氟烷（OR为2.51）。总之，与幼犬活力增加相关的麻醉因素包括使用异氟烷以及避免使用氯胺酮、硫戊巴比妥和硫喷妥钠。
