Parkhurst Derrick, Law Klinton, Niebur Ernst
The Department of Psychology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Vision Res. 2002 Jan;42(1):107-23. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00250-4.
A biologically motivated computational model of bottom-up visual selective attention was used to examine the degree to which stimulus salience guides the allocation of attention. Human eye movements were recorded while participants viewed a series of digitized images of complex natural and artificial scenes. Stimulus dependence of attention, as measured by the correlation between computed stimulus salience and fixation locations, was found to be significantly greater than that expected by chance alone and furthermore was greatest for eye movements that immediately follow stimulus onset. The ability to guide attention of three modeled stimulus features (color, intensity and orientation) was examined and found to vary with image type. Additionally, the effect of the drop in visual sensitivity as a function of eccentricity on stimulus salience was examined, modeled, and shown to be an important determiner of attentional allocation. Overall, the results indicate that stimulus-driven, bottom-up mechanisms contribute significantly to attentional guidance under natural viewing conditions.
一个基于生物学原理的自下而上视觉选择性注意计算模型被用于检验刺激显著性引导注意力分配的程度。在参与者观看一系列复杂自然和人造场景的数字化图像时,记录他们的眼球运动。通过计算出的刺激显著性与注视位置之间的相关性来衡量的注意力对刺激的依赖性,被发现显著大于仅由随机因素所预期的程度,而且对于紧随刺激开始后的眼球运动来说这种依赖性最大。研究了三种模拟刺激特征(颜色、亮度和方向)引导注意力的能力,发现其随图像类型而变化。此外,还研究、模拟了视觉敏感度随偏心率下降对刺激显著性的影响,并表明这是注意力分配的一个重要决定因素。总体而言,结果表明在自然观看条件下,刺激驱动的自下而上机制对注意力引导有显著贡献。