Maund Steve J, Hamer Mick J, Lane Mike C G, Farrelly Eamonn, Rapley Jean H, Goggin Una M, Gentle Wendy E
Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2002 Jan;21(1):9-15.
The partitioning, bioavailability, and toxicity of cypermethrin in water-sediment systems was investigated. Cypermethrin adsorbed extensively and rapidly, with an overall mean organic carbon (OC) adsorption partition coefficient (Koc) of 350,000, and approximately 99% adsorption occurred within 24 h. Bioavailability was measured via body burdens of Daphnia magna and Chironomus tentans. Mean biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs), that is, the concentration in the organism as a proportion of the concentration in the sediment, decreased with increasing OC content. The BSAF values were 0.31, 0.14, and 0.08 for D. magna and 0.63, 0.19, and 0.08 for C. tentans, in 1, 3, and 13% OC sediments, respectively. The 10-d median lethal sediment concentrations (LC50s) of cypermethrin were 3.6, 18, and 32 mg/kg for Hyalella azteca and 13, 67, and 62 mg/kg for C. tentans in 1, 3, and 13% OC sediments, respectively. Predictions of aqueous concentrations at the LC50 in sediments (based on Koc) compared well to each other and to effect concentrations from studies in water alone, suggesting that equilibrium partitioning theory could be used reasonably to predict and normalize the toxicity of cypermethrin across sediments of differing OC content.
研究了氯氰菊酯在水 - 沉积物系统中的分配、生物有效性和毒性。氯氰菊酯吸附广泛且迅速，总平均有机碳（OC）吸附分配系数（Koc）为350,000，约99%的吸附在24小时内发生。通过大型溞和摇蚊的体内负荷来测定生物有效性。平均生物 - 沉积物积累因子（BSAFs），即生物体中的浓度与沉积物中浓度的比例，随OC含量的增加而降低。在1%、3%和13% OC沉积物中，大型溞的BSAF值分别为0.31、0.14和0.08，摇蚊的BSAF值分别为0.63、0.19和0.08。在1%、3%和13% OC沉积物中，氯氰菊酯对阿氏摇蚊的10天半数致死沉积物浓度（LC50s）分别为3.6、18和32 mg/kg，对摇蚊的LC50s分别为13、67和62 mg/kg。沉积物中LC50时的水相浓度预测值（基于Koc）相互之间以及与仅在水中进行的研究的效应浓度相比吻合良好，这表明平衡分配理论可合理用于预测和归一化氯氰菊酯在不同OC含量沉积物中的毒性。
