Vellutino F R, Smith H, Steger J A, Kaman M
Child Dev. 1975 Jun;46(2):487-93.
The present study assessed the suggestion that specific reading disability is caused by visual-spatial disorder. A previous investigation questioned this hypothesis in demonstrating that poor readers' orientation errors (e.g., b/d; was/saw) result from malfunction in verbal identification rather than optical distortion. However, the generality of its findings was limited by the fact that its subject included only children at the upper age levels (9-15 years). In order to extend our results to younger children, poor and normal readers in the second and sixth grades were presented with tachistoscopic exposures of both verbal and nonverbal stimuli and were asked to identify and/or reproduce them both orally and graphically. With some exceptions, the results obtained in the previous study were replicated: the performance of poor readers at both age levels closely approximated that of normals in visual as compared with verbal encoding.
本研究评估了特定阅读障碍由视觉空间障碍引起这一观点。先前的一项调查对这一假设提出了质疑，该调查表明阅读能力差的儿童在方向辨别上的错误（如b/d；was/saw）是由言语识别功能障碍而非视觉扭曲导致的。然而，其研究结果的普遍性受到限制，因为其研究对象仅包括年龄较大的儿童（9 - 15岁）。为了将研究结果扩展到更年幼的儿童，我们让二、六年级阅读能力差和正常的儿童接受了言语和非言语刺激的速示曝光，并要求他们通过口头和书面方式进行识别和/或再现。除了一些例外情况，先前研究得到的结果得以重现：与言语编码相比，两个年龄段阅读能力差的儿童在视觉方面的表现与正常儿童非常接近。
