Gallo W T, Bradley E H, Siegel M, Kasl S V
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000 May;55(3):S131-40. doi: 10.1093/geronb/55.3.s131.
To estimate the health consequences of involuntary job loss among older workers in the United States.
Using longitudinal data from the 1992 and 1994 waves of the Health and Retirement Survey, multivariate regression models were estimated to assess the impact of involuntary job loss on both physical functioning and mental health. Our analysis sample included 209 workers who experienced involuntary job loss between survey dates and a comparison group of 2,907 continuously employed workers.
The effects of late-life involuntary job loss on both follow-up physical functioning and mental health were negative and statistically significant (p < .05), even after baseline health status and sociodemographic factors were controlled for. Among displaced workers, reemployment was positively associated with both follow-up physical functioning and mental health, whereas the duration of joblessness was not significantly associated with either outcome.
The findings provide evidence of a causal relationship between job loss and morbidity among older workers. This relationship is reflected in both poorer physical functioning and mental health for workers who experience involuntary job loss. In addition to the economic consequences of worker displacement, there may be important health consequences of job loss, especially among older workers.
评估美国老年工人非自愿失业对健康的影响。
利用1992年和1994年健康与退休调查的纵向数据，估计多元回归模型，以评估非自愿失业对身体机能和心理健康的影响。我们的分析样本包括209名在调查期间经历非自愿失业的工人，以及2907名持续就业工人组成的对照组。
即使在控制了基线健康状况和社会人口因素之后，晚年非自愿失业对后续身体机能和心理健康的影响也是负面的且具有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。在失业工人中，再就业与后续身体机能和心理健康均呈正相关，而失业持续时间与这两种结果均无显著关联。
研究结果为老年工人失业与发病率之间的因果关系提供了证据。这种关系体现在经历非自愿失业的工人身体机能和心理健康状况较差。除了工人失业的经济后果外，失业可能还会对健康产生重要影响，尤其是在老年工人中。
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