美国和欧洲大衰退期间的失业、财富与抑郁
Job loss, wealth and depression during the Great Recession in the USA and Europe.
作者信息
Riumallo-Herl Carlos, Basu Sanjay, Stuckler David, Courtin Emilie, Avendano Mauricio
机构信息
LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, Department of Medicine, Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA, Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Faculty of Social Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, Department of Medicine, Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA, Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Faculty of Social Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, Department of Medicine, Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA, Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Faculty of Social Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
出版信息
Int J Epidemiol. 2014 Oct;43(5):1508-17. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyu048. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
AIM
To examine whether late-career job loss increased depression among older workers approaching retirement in the USA and Europe.
METHODS
Longitudinal data came from the Health and Retirement Survey and the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Workers aged 50 to 64 years in 13 European countries and the USA were assessed biennially from 2006 to 2010. Individual fixed effects models were used to test the effect of job loss on depressive symptoms, controlling for age, sex, physical health, initial wealth and socio-demographic factors.
RESULTS
Job loss was associated with a 4.78% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.823% to 8.74%] increase in depressive symptoms in the USA compared with a 3.35% (95% CI: 0.486% to 6.22%) increase in Europe. Job loss due to a worker's unexpected firm closure increased depression scores in both the USA (beta=28.2%, 95% CI: 8.55% to 47.8%) and Europe (beta=7.50%, 95% CI: 1.25% to 13.70%), but pooled models suggested significantly stronger effects for US workers (P<0.001). American workers who were poorer before the recession experienced significantly larger increases in depressive symptoms compared with wealthier US workers (beta for interaction=-0.054, 95% CI: -0.082 to -0.025), whereas pre-existing wealth did not moderate the impact of job loss among European workers.
CONCLUSIONS
Job loss is associated with increased depressive symptoms in the USA and Europe, but effects of job loss due to plant closure are stronger for American workers. Wealth mitigates the impact of job loss on depression in the USA more than in Europe.
目的
研究临近退休的美国和欧洲老年劳动者职业生涯后期失业是否会增加其患抑郁症的风险。
方法
纵向数据来自美国健康与退休调查以及欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查。2006年至2010年期间，对13个欧洲国家和美国年龄在50至64岁的劳动者进行了每两年一次的评估。采用个体固定效应模型来检验失业对抑郁症状的影响，并对年龄、性别、身体健康状况、初始财富和社会人口学因素进行控制。
结果
在美国，失业与抑郁症状增加4.78%[95%置信区间（CI）：0.823%至8.74%]相关，而在欧洲，这一增幅为3.35%（95%CI：0.486%至6.22%）。因员工所在公司意外倒闭导致的失业，在美国（β=28.2%，95%CI：8.55%至47.8%）和欧洲（β=7.50%，95%CI：1.25%至13.70%）均会增加抑郁得分，但汇总模型显示美国员工的影响显著更强（P<0.001）。与富裕的美国员工相比，经济衰退前较贫困的美国员工抑郁症状增加幅度显著更大（交互作用的β=-0.054，95%CI：-0.082至-0.025），而欧洲员工的既有财富并未减轻失业的影响。
结论
在美国和欧洲，失业均与抑郁症状增加有关，但因工厂关闭导致的失业对美国员工的影响更强。财富对减轻美国失业对抑郁症的影响比欧洲更有效。
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