Dade Lauren A, Zatorre Robert J, Jones-Gotman Marilyn
Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.
Brain. 2002 Jan;125(Pt 1):86-101. doi: 10.1093/brain/awf003.
The role of temporal lobe structures in olfactory memory was investigated by (i) the examination of odour learning and memory in patients who had undergone resection from a temporal lobe (including primary olfactory regions) for the treatment of intractable epilepsy; and (ii) the examination of brain function during odour memory tasks as assessed via PET imaging of healthy individuals. In order to study different stages of odour memory, recognition of a 'list' of odours was tested after a first exposure, again after four exposures and once more after a 24 h delay interval. Patients with resection from a temporal lobe performed significantly less well than control subjects on all trials, and no significant differences were noted as a function of side of resection, indicating that there is not a strong hemispheric superiority for this task. The PET data yielded different levels of activity in piriform cortex (primary olfactory cortex), in relation to the 'no-odour' baseline scan, depending on the type of processing: no increase in activity noted during odour encoding, a small increase bilaterally during short-term recognition and a larger increase bilaterally during long-term recognition. These findings, together with findings in animal studies, suggest that piriform cortex may have an active role in odour memory processing, not simply in odour perception. Taken together, the findings from the lesion study and functional brain imaging of healthy subjects suggest that olfactory memory requires input from left and right temporal lobe regions for optimal odour recognition, and that, unlike with verbal or non-verbal visual material, there is not a strong functional lateralization for olfactory memory.
（i）对因治疗顽固性癫痫而接受颞叶（包括初级嗅觉区域）切除术的患者的气味学习和记忆进行检查；（ii）通过对健康个体进行PET成像评估气味记忆任务期间的脑功能。为了研究气味记忆的不同阶段，在首次接触后、四次接触后以及24小时延迟间隔后，对一系列气味的识别进行了测试。在所有试验中，颞叶切除患者的表现明显不如对照组，并且未发现切除侧别与表现之间存在显著差异，这表明该任务不存在明显的半球优势。PET数据显示，根据处理类型的不同，梨状皮质（初级嗅觉皮质）相对于“无气味”基线扫描有不同程度的活动：气味编码期间活动无增加，短期识别期间双侧有小幅增加，长期识别期间双侧有较大增加。这些发现与动物研究结果一起表明，梨状皮质可能在气味记忆处理中发挥积极作用，而不仅仅是在气味感知中。综合来看，病变研究和健康受试者功能性脑成像的结果表明，嗅觉记忆需要左右颞叶区域的输入才能实现最佳的气味识别，并且与言语或非言语视觉材料不同，嗅觉记忆不存在强烈的功能侧化。
