Jonas U, Heine J P, Tanagho E A
Invest Urol. 1975 Sep;13(2):142-50.
In 30 female dogs, spinal cord stimulation was tested to find the optimal parameters producing good voiding and, hopefully, total bladder emptying. Twelve different electrodes or application modifications were examined. Variable frequencies, stimulus duration, and voltages were applied. Search of the site of highest detrusor response (micturition center) was easily identifiable. It became obvious that electrode design was not of critical importance: the responses were basically the same whether we used the wrap-around electrode, which stimulates an entire level, or the coaxial electrode which theoretically limits the current spread around its minute exposed tip. The stimulation parameters that gave the best results were: 2 to 5 volts; frequency: 10 to 15 cps; duration 1 msec. The site of highest detrusor response was round vertebral level L5 1/2, corresponding to cord level S2-4. Generally, no voiding was obtained because of too high sphincteric contraction during stimulation; it appeared that a sphincteric center overlaps the micturition center in either direction. To achieve successful voiding during stimulation, a separation of these two centers with selective stimulation of the detrusor center is necessary, eleiminating sphincteric contraction.
在30只雌性犬中，对脊髓刺激进行了测试，以找到产生良好排尿且有望实现膀胱完全排空的最佳参数。研究了12种不同的电极或应用方式。施加了可变频率、刺激持续时间和电压。很容易确定逼尿肌反应最高的部位（排尿中枢）。显然，电极设计并非至关重要：无论我们使用环绕式电极（刺激整个节段）还是同轴电极（理论上限制电流在其微小暴露尖端周围扩散），反应基本相同。产生最佳效果的刺激参数为：2至5伏；频率：10至15赫兹；持续时间1毫秒。逼尿肌反应最高的部位在椎体L5 1/2水平，对应脊髓S2 - 4节段。通常，由于刺激期间括约肌收缩过高而无法排尿；似乎在任一方向上，括约肌中枢与排尿中枢重叠。为了在刺激期间实现成功排尿，必须将这两个中枢分开并选择性刺激逼尿肌中枢，消除括约肌收缩。
