Clark H H, Brownell H H
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1975 Nov;1(4):339-52. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.1.4.339.
In Experiment I subjects were asked to judge whether an arrow was pointing up or pointing down at various heights inside a surrounding rectangle. They were faster on an arrow pointing up the higher it was in the rectangle, and they were faster on an arrow pointing down the lower it was in the rectangle. Experiments 2, 3, and 4 were designed to test sources for this"congruity effect." The intrusive height information for each arrow was assumed to facilitate or interfere with (a) the activation of the correct motor response; (b) the maintenance of the implicit instruction "Is it pointing up, or is it pointing down?"; or (c) the selection of the criterial perceptual information as a basis for the response. All three experiments were consistent with c, but not with a or b. Indeed, the results contrasted with previous demonstrations of the Stroop effect in certain critical features.
在实验一中，受试者被要求判断在一个周围有矩形的区域内，不同高度的箭头是向上指还是向下指。矩形中向上指的箭头位置越高，他们做出判断的速度就越快；矩形中向下指的箭头位置越低，他们做出判断的速度也越快。实验二、三、四旨在测试这种“一致性效应”的来源。假设每个箭头的干扰高度信息会促进或干扰：(a) 正确运动反应的激活；(b) “它是向上指还是向下指？”这一内隐指令的维持；或者 (c) 作为反应基础的关键知觉信息的选择。所有这三个实验都与 (c) 一致，但与 (a) 或 (b) 不一致。实际上，在某些关键特征方面，这些结果与之前的斯特鲁普效应的演示形成了对比。
