Farrell W S
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1979 Feb;5(1):42-51. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.5.1.42.
The present study compared the processing of direction for up and down arrows and for left and right arrows in visual displays. Experiment 1 demonstrated that it is more difficult to deal with left and right than with up and down when the two directions must be discriminated but not when they must simply be oriented to. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that telling left from right is harder regardless of whether the responses are manual or verbal. Experiment 4 showed that left-right discriminations take longer than up-down discriminations for judgments of position as well as direction. In Experiment 5 it was found that position information can intrude on direction judgments both within a dimension (e.g., a left arrow to the left of fixation is judged faster than a left arrow to the right of fixation) and across dimensions (e.g., judging vertically positioned left and right arrows is more difficult than judging horizontally positioned left and right arrows). There was indirect evidence in these experiments that although the spatial codes for up and down are symmetrical, the codes for left and right may be less so; this in turn could account for the greater difficulty of discriminating left from right.
本研究比较了视觉显示中向上和向下箭头以及向左和向右箭头的方向处理。实验1表明，当必须区分两个方向时，区分左右比区分上下更困难，但当只需对其进行定向时则不然。实验2和3表明，无论反应是手动的还是口头的，区分左右都更难。实验4表明，对于位置和方向的判断，左右区分比上下区分耗时更长。在实验5中发现，位置信息会在维度内（例如，注视点左侧的左箭头比注视点右侧的左箭头判断得更快）和跨维度（例如，判断垂直排列的左右箭头比判断水平排列的左右箭头更困难）干扰方向判断。这些实验中有间接证据表明，尽管上下的空间编码是对称的，但左右的编码可能并非如此；这反过来可能解释了区分左右的更大困难。
