Butterly D W, Schwab S J
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Semin Dial. 2001 Nov-Dec;14(6):411-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2001.00104.x.
The provision of hemodialysis requires repeated, reliable access to the central circulatory system. Long-term hemodialysis has best been provided by arteriovenous fistulae and arteriovenous grafts. In recent years, more and more patients have been chronically dialyzed with tunneled dialysis catheters. These catheters, which were originally developed as a short-term bridge to permanent vascular access, have made up an increasing percentage of maintenance vascular access. While these catheters have the advantage of ease of placement and are immediately ready for use, they substantially increase the risk of bacteremia, stenosis of central veins, and even mortality.
血液透析的实施需要反复、可靠地接入中心循环系统。长期血液透析最好通过动静脉内瘘和动静脉移植物来进行。近年来，越来越多的患者使用带隧道的透析导管进行长期透析。这些导管最初是作为通向永久性血管通路的短期桥梁而开发的，在维持性血管通路中所占比例越来越大。虽然这些导管具有易于放置且可立即使用的优点，但它们会大幅增加菌血症、中心静脉狭窄甚至死亡的风险。
