Pampanin Daniela M, Ballarin Loriano, Carotenuto Lucia, Marin Maria G
Institute of Marine Biology, CNR Venice, Riva Sette Martiri 1364/A, 30122 Venice, Italy.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002 Mar;131(3):605-14. doi: 10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00512-8.
The Venus clam Chamelea gallina is fairly common along the western coasts of the Adriatic and is subjected to intense fishing. Since over the last 20 years extensive hypoxic and anoxic conditions have repeatedly damaged this natural resource, we decided to study the effects of anoxic stress on the functionality of clam haemocytes and the consequences on immune responses. Clams, exposed to air, close their valves and tissues become anoxic and metabolism processes switch to anaerobiosis. In these conditions, a significant decrease in the haematocrit value and in the percentage of acid phosphatase-positive haemocytes was observed, while the number of cells with beta-glucuronidase significantly increased after day 1. The above indices generally returned to control values when clams were re-immersed in seawater after 1 day of treatment. Clams exposed to air for 2 days and then re-immersed, attempted to recover in the subsequent 3 days. Animals had fully recovered on day 4. Three-day-exposed clams did not recover. Phagocytic and adhesion indices decreased significantly after the first day of air exposure. The change in frequency of three types of circulating cells (spreading, round, apoptotic) was also monitored.
金星蛤（Chamelea gallina）在亚得里亚海西海岸相当常见，且遭受着高强度捕捞。由于在过去20年里，广泛的缺氧和无氧状况屡屡损害这一自然资源，我们决定研究缺氧应激对蛤血细胞功能的影响以及对免疫反应的后果。暴露于空气中的蛤会关闭其瓣膜，组织变得缺氧，代谢过程转向无氧呼吸。在这些条件下，观察到血细胞比容值和酸性磷酸酶阳性血细胞百分比显著下降，而β-葡萄糖醛酸酶阳性细胞数量在处理1天后显著增加。在处理1天后将蛤重新浸入海水中时，上述指标通常会恢复到对照值。暴露于空气中2天然后重新浸入的蛤，在随后3天试图恢复。动物在第4天完全恢复。暴露3天的蛤没有恢复。空气暴露第一天后吞噬和黏附指标显著下降。还监测了三种循环细胞（铺展型、圆形、凋亡型）频率的变化。
