Martinoli Carlo, Bianchi Stefano, Dahmane M'Hamed, Pugliese Francesca, Bianchi-Zamorani Maria Pia, Valle Maura
Cattedra di Radiologia R-DICMI-Università di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16132 Genova, Italy.
Eur Radiol. 2002 Jan;12(1):44-55. doi: 10.1007/s00330-001-1161-9. Epub 2001 Oct 19.
Tendons and nerves represent probably one of the best application of musculoskeletal US due to the high lesion detection rate and accuracy of US combined with its low cost, wide availability, and ease of use. The refinement of high-frequency broadband linear-array transducers, and sensitive color and power Doppler technology, have improved the ability of US to detect fine textural abnormalities of these structures as well as to identify a variety of pathological conditions. Characteristic echotextural patterns, closely resembling the histological ones, are typically depicted in these structures using high US frequencies. In tendon imaging, US can assess dislocations, degenerative changes and tendon tears, including intrasubstance tears, longitudinal splits, partial and complete rupture, inflammatory conditions and tendon tumors, as well as postoperative findings. In nerve imaging, US can support clinical and electrophysiological testing for detection of compressing lesions caused by nerve entrapment in a variety of osteofibrous tunnels of the limbs and extremities. Congenital anomalies, nerve tears, and neurogenic tumors can also be diagnosed. Overall, US is an effective technique for imaging tendons and nerves. In most cases, a focused US examination can be performed more rapidly and efficiently than MR imaging.
肌腱和神经可能是肌肉骨骼超声最佳的应用领域之一，这是因为超声对病变的检出率高、准确性高，且成本低、可及性广、使用便捷。高频宽带线阵探头以及灵敏的彩色和能量多普勒技术的改进，提高了超声检测这些结构细微纹理异常以及识别多种病理状况的能力。使用高频超声时，这些结构通常会呈现出与组织学表现极为相似的特征性回声纹理模式。在肌腱成像中，超声可评估脱位、退行性改变和肌腱撕裂，包括实质内撕裂、纵向劈裂、部分和完全断裂、炎症状态以及肌腱肿瘤，还有术后情况。在神经成像中，超声可辅助临床和电生理检查，以检测四肢各种骨纤维管内神经受压导致的压迫性病变。先天性异常、神经撕裂和神经源性肿瘤也可被诊断出来。总体而言，超声是一种用于肌腱和神经成像的有效技术。在大多数情况下，聚焦超声检查比磁共振成像能更快、更高效地完成。
