Martinoli C, Bianchi S, Derchi L E
Department of Radiology R, University of Genova, Italy.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1999 Jul;37(4):691-711, viii. doi: 10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70124-x.
The refinement of high frequency transducers has improved the ability of ultrasound (US) to detect fine textural abnormalities of tendons and nerves and to identify a variety of pathologic conditions. Characteristic echotextural patterns, closely resembling the histologic ones, are typically depicted in these structures using high US frequencies. In tendon imaging, US can identify tendon dislocations, degenerative changes, differentiate partial from complete tears and determine whether the patient has to be treated surgically or conservatively. A spectrum of findings in inflammatory conditions, including paratendonitis and tenosynovitis, and tendon tumors also can be detected. In nerve imaging, US can support clinical and electrophysiologic testing for detection of compressing lesions caused by nerve entrapment in a variety of osteofibrous tunnels of the limbs and extremities. Nerve tears and tumors also can be diagnosed. Overall, US is an effective technique for imaging tendons and nerves.
高频换能器的改进提高了超声（US）检测肌腱和神经细微纹理异常以及识别各种病理状况的能力。使用高超声频率时，这些结构中通常会呈现出与组织学模式极为相似的特征性回声纹理模式。在肌腱成像中，超声可以识别肌腱脱位、退行性改变，区分部分撕裂和完全撕裂，并确定患者是需要接受手术治疗还是保守治疗。还可以检测出包括肌腱周围炎和腱鞘炎在内的一系列炎症性疾病以及肌腱肿瘤的各种表现。在神经成像中，超声可以辅助临床和电生理检查，以检测肢体和四肢各种骨纤维管内神经受压导致的压迫性病变。神经撕裂和肿瘤也能够被诊断出来。总体而言，超声是一种用于肌腱和神经成像的有效技术。
