Silver A I, Greco T S
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1975 Oct-Dec;10(4):216-25. doi: 10.1007/BF03000706.
Two groups of Ss received either two or 16 paired classical conditioning trails beyond the peak CR. A third group received the same stimuli as the 16 postpeak condition but in an unpaired and random order. The stimuli in all three groups were delivered directly to S. Subsequently, all three groups, including a fourth which was not given any prior direct classical conditioning, were exposed to vicariously instigated classical conditioning. This consisted of having S observe someone (model) employed by E who received the same CS as was delivered during direct conditioning. The CS was paired with the feigned arm movement of the model, simulating a reaction to shock. This vicarious classical conditioning procedure when compared to direct classical conditioning resulted in smaller GSR magnitudes for both the CRs and UCRs. Previous experience with direct classical conditional seems to have had an attenuating effect on GSR magnitude during the vicarious situation. A postexperimental questionnaire tended to support the results, and the relationship between the present study and current classical conditioning theory is discussed.
两组被试在条件反射峰值之后分别接受了2次或16次配对经典条件反射试验。第三组接受与16次峰值后条件相同的刺激，但刺激呈现是不成对且随机的。所有三组的刺激都直接施加于被试。随后，包括第四组（该组之前未接受任何直接经典条件反射）在内的所有三组被试都接受了替代性引发的经典条件反射。这包括让被试观察实验者雇佣的某人（榜样），该榜样接受与直接条件反射期间所呈现的相同的条件刺激。条件刺激与榜样假装的手臂动作配对，模拟对电击的反应。与直接经典条件反射相比，这种替代性经典条件反射程序在条件反应和无条件反应中都导致较小的皮肤电反应幅度。之前直接经典条件反射的经验似乎在替代性情境中对皮肤电反应幅度产生了衰减作用。一份实验后的问卷倾向于支持这些结果，并且讨论了本研究与当前经典条件反射理论之间的关系。
