O'Toole Tara, Mair Michael, Inglesby Thomas V
Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Apr 1;34(7):972-83. doi: 10.1086/339909. Epub 2002 Feb 19.
On 22--23 June 2001, the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies, in collaboration with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Analytic Services Institute for Homeland Security, and the Oklahoma National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, held a senior-level exercise entitled "Dark Winter" that simulated a covert smallpox attack on the United States. The first such exercise of its kind, Dark Winter was constructed to examine the challenges that senior-level policy makers would face if confronted with a bioterrorist attack that initiated outbreaks of highly contagious disease. The exercise was intended to increase awareness of the scope and character of the threat posed by biological weapons among senior national security experts and to bring about actions that would improve prevention and response strategies.
2001年6月22日至23日，约翰·霍普金斯民用生物防御战略中心与战略与国际研究中心、国土安全分析服务研究所及俄克拉荷马国家预防恐怖主义纪念研究所合作，举行了一场名为“黑暗冬天”的高级别演习，模拟了一场针对美国的隐蔽天花袭击。作为同类演习中的首次演练，“黑暗冬天”旨在检验高层政策制定者在面对引发高传染性疾病疫情的生物恐怖袭击时将面临的挑战。此次演习旨在提高国家安全高级专家对生物武器所构成威胁的范围和性质的认识，并推动采取行动以改进预防和应对策略。
