Bolte M R, Hess B W, Means W J, Moss G E, Rule D C
Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3684, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2002 Mar;80(3):609-16. doi: 10.2527/2002.803609x.
Our objective was to determine effects of dietary high-oleate (Oleate; 76% 18:1) or high-linoleate (Linoleate; 78% 18:2) safflower seeds on fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissue of feedlot lambs. White-faced ewe lambs (n = 36) were fed a beet pulp, oat hay, and soybean meal basal diet (Control), blocked by BW, and allotted randomly to dietary treatments. Cracked safflower seeds were used in isocaloric and isonitrogenous replacement of beet pulp, oat hay, and soybean meal so that Oleate and Linoleate diets contained 5.0% additional fat. Fatty acids were determined in semitendinosus, longissimus dorsi (longissimus), and adipose tissue from the tail head (tailhead adipose tissue), adjacent to the 12th rib (s.c. adipose tissue), and kidney and pelvic fat (KPH adipose tissue) depots. Fatty acid data were analyzed within muscle and adipose tissue as a split-block design. Single degree of freedom orthogonal contrasts were used to compare treatment effects. Average daily gain, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics did not differ (P = 0.15 to 0.96) across dietary treatments. Adipose tissue saturated fatty acids were greater (P = 0.04) for Controls but were not different (P = 0.36) in muscle. Trans-vaccenic acid (18:1(trans-11)) increased (P < 0.0001) with safflower supplementation and was greater (P < 0.0001) in Linoleate than in Oleate for both tissue types. Linoleate lamb had greater (P < 0.0001) PUFA than Oleate lamb in muscle and adipose tissue. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA; cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) were greater (P < 0.0001) in muscle and adipose tissue of lambs fed safflower seeds. Lambs fed Linoleate had greater (P < 0.0001) CLA in adipose tissue and muscle than lambs fed Oleate. Saturated fatty acids were greater (P < 0.0001) in s.c. adipose tissue than in tailhead adipose tissue. Mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids were greater (P < 0.0001) in tailhead adipose tissue than in s.c. adipose tissue. Weight percentages of 18:1(trans-11) ranked tailhead adipose tissue = KPH adipose tissue > s.c. adipose tissue and semitendinosus > longissimus, whereas CLA ranked tailhead adipose tissue > s.c. adipose tissue > KPH adipose tissue and semitendinosus > longissimus. Feeding mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased tissue 18:1(trans-11) and CLA, which is a favorable change in regard to current human dietary guidelines.
我们的目标是确定日粮中高油酸（油酸；76% 18:1）或高亚油酸（亚油酸；78% 18:2）红花籽对育肥羔羊肌肉和脂肪组织中脂肪酸的影响。白面母羊羔（n = 36）饲喂甜菜粕、燕麦干草和豆粕基础日粮（对照），按体重进行分组，并随机分配到不同日粮处理组。破碎的红花籽用于等热量和等氮替代甜菜粕、燕麦干草和豆粕，使油酸和亚油酸日粮额外含有5.0%的脂肪。测定半腱肌、背最长肌（背阔肌）以及尾根（尾根脂肪组织）、第12肋骨旁（皮下脂肪组织）和肾周及盆腔脂肪（KPH脂肪组织）储存部位的脂肪组织中的脂肪酸。脂肪酸数据在肌肉和脂肪组织内作为裂区设计进行分析。使用单自由度正交对比来比较处理效果。不同日粮处理间的平均日增重、饲料效率和胴体特性没有差异（P = 0.15至0.96）。对照组的脂肪组织饱和脂肪酸含量更高（P = 0.04），但肌肉中的饱和脂肪酸含量没有差异（P = 0.36）。补充红花籽后，反式vaccenic酸（18:1（反式-11））含量增加（P < 0.0001），两种组织类型中，亚油酸组的反式vaccenic酸含量均高于油酸组（P < 0.0001）。亚油酸组羔羊肌肉和脂肪组织中的多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于油酸组羔羊（P < 0.0001）。饲喂红花籽的羔羊肌肉和脂肪组织中的共轭亚油酸（CLA；顺式-9，反式-11和顺式-10，反式-12）含量更高（P < 0.0001）。饲喂亚油酸的羔羊脂肪组织和肌肉中的CLA含量高于饲喂油酸的羔羊（P < 0.0001）。皮下脂肪组织中的饱和脂肪酸含量高于尾根脂肪组织（P < 0.0001）。尾根脂肪组织中的单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于皮下脂肪组织（P < 0.0001）。18:1（反式-11）的重量百分比排序为尾根脂肪组织 = KPH脂肪组织 > 皮下脂肪组织，半腱肌 > 背阔肌，而CLA的排序为尾根脂肪组织 > 皮下脂肪组织 > KPH脂肪组织，半腱肌 > 背阔肌。饲喂单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸可增加组织中18:1（反式-11）和CLA的含量，就当前人类饮食指南而言，这是一个有利的变化。
