Scholljegerdes E J, Hess B W, Moss G E, Hixon D L, Rule D C
Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3684, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2004 Dec;82(12):3577-88. doi: 10.2527/2004.82123577x.
Our objectives were to evaluate ruminal fermentation patterns, apparent ruminal biohydrogenation, and site and extent of nutrient disappearance in cattle fed supplemental cracked safflower seeds differing in 18 C fatty acid profile. Nine Angus x Gelbvieh heifers (641 +/- 9.6 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a triplicated 3 x 3 Latin square. Cattle were fed (OM basis) 9.1 kg of bromegrass hay and either 1) 1.8 kg of corn and 0.20 kg of soybean meal (Control); 2) 0.13 kg of soybean meal and 1.5 kg of cracked high-linoleate (67.2% 18:2) safflower seeds (Linoleate); or 3) 1.5 kg of cracked high-oleate (72.7% 18:1) safflower seeds (Oleate). Safflower seed supplements were formulated to provide similar quantities of N and TDN and 5% dietary fat. Single degree of freedom orthogonal contrasts (Control vs. Linoleate and Oleate; Linoleate vs. Oleate) were used to evaluate treatment effects. True ruminal OM and ruminal NDF disappearances (percentage of intake) were greater (P < or =0.02) for Control than Linoleate and Oleate. True ruminal N degradability (% of intake) was not different (P = 0.38) among treatments. Apparent ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary 18:2 was greatest (Linoleate vs. Oleate, P < 0.001) for Linoleate, whereas biohydrogenation of dietary 18:1 was greatest (Linoleate vs. Oleate, P = 0.02) for Oleate. Duodenal flow of 18:0 was least (P < 0.001) for Control but did not differ (P = 0.92) between Oleate and Linoleate. Total flow of unsaturated fatty acid to the duodenum was greatest (P < 0.001) in cattle fed safflower seeds, and was greater with Linoleate (P < 0.001) than with Oleate. Duodenal flow of 18:1 and 18:2 increased (P < 0.001) in Oleate and Linoleate, respectively. Duodenal flow of 18:1trans-11 was greater (P < 0.001) in cattle fed safflower seeds and in Linoleate than in Oleate. Postruminal disappearance of saturated fatty acids was greatest (P < 0.001) for Control; however, postruminal disappearance of total unsaturated fatty acids was greater (P = 0.002) for Linoleate vs. Oleate. Supplemental high-linoleate or high-oleate safflower seeds to cattle fed forage-based diets may negatively affect ruminal OM and fiber disappearance but not N disappearance. Provision of supplemental fat in the form of safflower seeds that are high in linoleic acid increased intestinal supply and postruminal disappearance of unsaturated fatty acids, indicating that the fatty acids apparently available for metabolism are affected by dietary fat source.
我们的目标是评估在饲喂补充不同18碳脂肪酸组成的破碎红花籽的牛中瘤胃发酵模式、表观瘤胃生物氢化作用以及养分消失的部位和程度。选用9头安装了瘤胃和十二指肠瘘管的安格斯×吉尔维耶小母牛（体重641±9.6千克），采用3×3重复拉丁方设计。给牛饲喂（以干物质计）9.1千克雀麦干草，以及以下日粮之一：1）1.8千克玉米和0.20千克豆粕（对照组）；2）0.13千克豆粕和1.5千克破碎的高亚油酸（67.2% 18:2）红花籽（亚油酸组）；或3）1.5千克破碎的高油酸（72.7% 18:1）红花籽（油酸组）。红花籽补充料的配方设计旨在提供相似数量的氮和可消化总养分，并使日粮脂肪含量达到5%。采用单自由度正交对比（对照组与亚油酸组和油酸组对比；亚油酸组与油酸组对比）来评估处理效果。对照组的真瘤胃干物质和瘤胃中性洗涤纤维消失率（占摄入量百分比）高于亚油酸组和油酸组（P≤0.02）。各处理间真瘤胃氮降解率（占摄入量百分比）无差异（P = 0.38）。日粮18:2的表观瘤胃生物氢化作用在亚油酸组最大（亚油酸组与油酸组对比，P < 0.001），而日粮18:1的生物氢化作用在油酸组最大（亚油酸组与油酸组对比，P = 0.02）。对照组十二指肠18:o的流量最少（P < 0.001），但油酸组和亚油酸组之间无差异（P = 0.92）。饲喂红花籽的牛中，不饱和脂肪酸向十二指肠的总流量最大（P < 0.001），且亚油酸组大于油酸组（P < 0.001）。油酸组和亚油酸组十二指肠18:1和18:2的流量分别增加（P < 0.001）。饲喂红花籽的牛以及亚油酸组中十二指肠反式-11 18:1的流量大于油酸组（P <
