Blurton Jones Nicholas G, Hawkes Kristen, O'Connell James F
Department of Anthropology, and Graduate School of Education, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1553, USA.
Am J Hum Biol. 2002 Mar-Apr;14(2):184-205. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.10038.
Female postreproductive life is a striking feature of human life history and there have been several recent attempts to account for its evolution. But archaeologists estimate that in the past, few individuals lived many postreproductive years. Is postreproductive life a phenotypic outcome of modern conditions, needing no evolutionary account? This article assesses effects of the modern world on hunter-gatherer adult mortality, with special reference to the Hadza. Evidence suggests that such effects are not sufficient to deny the existence of substantial life expectancy at the end of the childbearing career. Data from contemporary hunter-gatherers (Ache, !Kung, Hadza) match longevity extrapolated from regressions of lifespan on body and brain weight. Twenty or so vigorous years between the end of reproduction and the onset of significant senescence does require an explanation.
女性绝经后的生活是人类生命历程中的一个显著特征，最近有几项研究试图解释其进化过程。但考古学家估计，在过去，很少有人能度过许多绝经后的岁月。绝经后的生活是现代条件下的一种表型结果，不需要进化解释吗？本文评估了现代世界对狩猎采集者成年死亡率的影响，特别提到了哈扎人。有证据表明，这些影响不足以否定在生育生涯结束时存在显著预期寿命的事实。来自当代狩猎采集者（阿奇人、昆人、哈扎人）的数据与根据寿命与身体和大脑重量的回归推断出的长寿情况相符。从生殖结束到明显衰老开始之间的大约20年精力充沛的岁月确实需要一个解释。
