Terry W S, Burns J S
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 28223, USA.
J Gen Psychol. 2001 Oct;128(4):422-32. doi: 10.1080/00221300109598919.
High- and low-anxious college students (as determined by scores on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale; A. W. Bendig, 1956) and repressors (low anxiety and high scores on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale; D. P. Crowne & D. Marlowe, 1964) were compared on 3 cognitive tasks. High-anxious participants more often spelled the negative emotional meaning of ambiguous homophones (e.g., pane/pain) and forgot more of their free associations to emotional cue words than did the low-anxious participants. The repressors also detected the emotional meaning of the homophones but unlike the anxious, the repressors did recall their associations to the emotional words. In a working memory task using nonemotional items, the moderately anxious participants recalled fewer words than did the low- and high-anxious participants. The results confirm that both trait anxiety and repression affect information processing at a variety of stages but not in the same way. Repressors were sensitive to, and retentive of, negative emotional stimuli.
通过泰勒显性焦虑量表得分确定的高焦虑和低焦虑大学生（A.W.本迪格，1956年）以及压抑者（在马洛-克劳恩社会赞许性量表上得分低且焦虑程度高；D.P.克劳恩和D.马洛，1964年）在三项认知任务上进行了比较。与低焦虑参与者相比，高焦虑参与者更常拼出模棱两可的同音异义词的负面情绪含义（例如，pane/pain），并且对情绪提示词的自由联想遗忘得更多。压抑者也能察觉到同音异义词的情绪含义，但与焦虑者不同的是，压抑者确实能回忆起他们对情绪词汇的联想。在一项使用非情绪项目的工作记忆任务中，中度焦虑参与者回忆的单词比低焦虑和高焦虑参与者更少。结果证实，特质焦虑和压抑都会在不同阶段影响信息处理，但方式不同。压抑者对负面情绪刺激敏感且能记住。
