Colder Craig R, Mott Joshua A, Berman Arielle S
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14260-4110, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2002 Winter;14(1):1-23. doi: 10.1017/s0954579402001013.
The current study examined the interactive effects of infant activity level and fear on growth trajectories of behavior problems in early childhood (age 4 to 8 years) using maternal ratings. The sample was drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and included children who were between 1 and 11 months in 1986. Findings suggested that boys characterized by high activity level and low levels of fear in infancy escalated in both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Also, boys characterized by high fear and low activity level increased in internalizing symptoms and these effects seemed to be specific to depression rather than anxiety. Temperament did not predict escalation in externalizing symptomatology for girls, but low levels of fear predicted increases in internalizing symptoms. There was also evidence for a decline in depression specific symptoms for girls characterized by high fear and low activity in infancy. These findings suggest the importance of examining interactive models of temperament risk and considering gender specific pathways to behavior problems.
本研究使用母亲的评分，考察了婴儿活动水平和恐惧对幼儿期（4至8岁）行为问题增长轨迹的交互作用。样本取自全国青年纵向调查（NLSY），包括1986年时年龄在1至11个月之间的儿童。研究结果表明，婴儿期活动水平高且恐惧水平低的男孩，其外化症状和内化症状均有所增加。此外，恐惧水平高且活动水平低的男孩，其内化症状有所增加，而且这些影响似乎特定于抑郁而非焦虑。气质并不能预测女孩外化症状的增加，但低恐惧水平预示着内化症状会增加。还有证据表明，婴儿期恐惧水平高且活动水平低的女孩，其特定的抑郁症状会有所下降。这些发现表明，研究气质风险的交互模型以及考虑行为问题的性别特定途径非常重要。
