Saris W H
Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26 Suppl:S167-75. doi: 10.1139/h2001-051.
From all nutritional variables optimal energy supply is considered as most vital for human performance. It is postulated that lack of energy homeostasis is the basic problem in the development of overtraining. Most if not all clinical symptoms are directly or indirectly related to the physiological mechanisms of energy homeostasis. The rapidly increasing knowledge in the field of body weight control with several new regulatory neuro-peptides such as leptin, will give new opportunities to tackle this unbalance between training load and energy availability. The central role of leptin and insulin as adiposity signals has focussed attention on the anti-obesity aspects of leptin. However as member of the cytokine family, leptin is also closely linked to the immune and reproductive system. New data indicates clearly the dual function of leptin at both ends at the energy balance; starvation vs. overfeeding. It links also nutrition to the reproductive system. Lack of available energy has a much greater impact on leptin levels than exercise stress. It is suggested that application of the rapidly increasing knowledge in the obesity field will benefit the research on the mechanisms involved in the derailment of the delicate balance between training load and energy homeostasis in athletes.
在所有营养变量中，最佳能量供应被认为对人体机能最为关键。据推测，能量稳态失衡是过度训练发展的根本问题。大多数（如果不是全部的话）临床症状都直接或间接与能量稳态的生理机制相关。随着瘦素等几种新型调节神经肽在体重控制领域的知识迅速增长，将为解决训练负荷与能量供应之间的这种失衡提供新的契机。瘦素和胰岛素作为肥胖信号的核心作用，已将人们的注意力集中在瘦素的抗肥胖方面。然而，作为细胞因子家族的一员，瘦素也与免疫系统和生殖系统密切相关。新数据清楚地表明了瘦素在能量平衡两端的双重作用：饥饿与过度喂养。它还将营养与生殖系统联系起来。能量供应不足对瘦素水平的影响远大于运动应激。有人认为，应用肥胖领域迅速增长的知识将有助于运动员训练负荷与能量稳态之间微妙平衡失调所涉及机制的研究。
