da Mota Gustavo R, Zanesco Angelina
Departamento de Educação Física, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007 Feb;51(1):25-33. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27302007000100006.
Obesity is a major public health problem in the Western world resulting in serious social, physical and psychological damages. The genesis of obesity is complex involving a variety of factors such as genetic, psychological, metabolic and environmental factors. Progress in endocrinology and metabolism show that adipocyte is considered now as an endocrine tissue producing several substance including adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and leptin. Specifically, leptin is the main peptide produced by the adipocyte and its serum concentration represents an important peripheral signal in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure in mammals. In addition to leptin, a new peptide was discovered recently named ghrelin. Ghrelin, a peptide hormone identified in the stomach, is directly involved with the regulation of energy balance and obesity. Physical exercise has been used as a non-pharmacological tool in management of body weight and the effect of physical activity on weight control is an important issue for clinical studies in endocrinology field. Thus, this review will attempt to update the knowledge of leptin and ghrelin on the body weight regulation and the effect of exercise training on these peptide concentrations. It can be concluded that the relationship between physical exercise and the plasma concentration of these peptides is not clear. The reasons for that could be related to the differences in duration, intensity and frequency of the training program employed in each study. Indeed, most of the studies have not analyzed the intensity of training program by either plasma lactate concentration or maximum oxygen consumption. On the other hand, genetic basis could also explain the discrepancies found in some studies, since it has been shown that polymorphism for a variety of genes might be an important factor to determine the differences of cellular response to physical training.
肥胖是西方世界的一个主要公共卫生问题，会导致严重的社会、身体和心理损害。肥胖的成因复杂，涉及多种因素，如遗传、心理、代谢和环境因素。内分泌学和代谢领域的进展表明，脂肪细胞现在被认为是一种内分泌组织，可产生多种物质，包括脂联素、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6和瘦素。具体而言，瘦素是脂肪细胞产生的主要肽类，其血清浓度是调节哺乳动物食物摄入和能量消耗的重要外周信号。除了瘦素，最近还发现了一种名为胃饥饿素的新肽。胃饥饿素是一种在胃中发现的肽类激素，直接参与能量平衡和肥胖的调节。体育锻炼已被用作控制体重的非药物手段，体育活动对体重控制的影响是内分泌领域临床研究的一个重要问题。因此，本综述将尝试更新关于瘦素和胃饥饿素在体重调节方面的知识，以及运动训练对这些肽浓度的影响。可以得出结论，体育锻炼与这些肽的血浆浓度之间的关系尚不清楚。其原因可能与每项研究中所采用的训练计划在持续时间、强度和频率上的差异有关。事实上，大多数研究都没有通过血浆乳酸浓度或最大耗氧量来分析训练计划的强度。另一方面，遗传基础也可以解释一些研究中发现的差异，因为已经表明，多种基因的多态性可能是决定细胞对体育锻炼反应差异的一个重要因素。
