Kraemer Thomas, Maurer Hans H
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany.
Ther Drug Monit. 2002 Apr;24(2):277-89. doi: 10.1097/00007691-200204000-00009.
This paper reviews the toxicokinetics of amphetamines. The designer drugs MDA (methylenedioxy-amphetamine, R,S-1-(3;,4;-methylenedioxyphenyl)2-propanamine), MDMA (R,S-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), and MDE (R,S-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine), as well as BDB (benzodioxolylbutanamine; R,S-1-(1;,3;-benzodioxol-5;-yl)-2-butanamine or R,S-1-(3;,4;-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine) and MBDB (R,S-N-methyl-benzodioxolylbutanamine), were taken into consideration, as were the following N-alkylated amphetamine derivatives: amphetaminil, benzphetamine, clobenzorex, dimethylamphetamine, ethylamphetamine, famprofazone, fencamine, fenethylline, fenproporex, furfenorex, mefenorex, mesocarb, methamphetamine, prenylamine, and selegiline. English-language publications from 1995 to 2000 were reviewed. Papers describing identification of metabolites or cytochrome P450 isoenzyme-dependent metabolism and papers containing pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic data were considered and summarized. The implications of toxicokinetics for toxicologic assessment or for interpretation in forensic cases are discussed.
本文综述了苯丙胺类药物的毒代动力学。考虑了设计药物3,4－亚甲基二氧基苯丙胺（MDA）、亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）、亚甲基二氧乙基苯丙胺（MDE），以及1,3－苯并二氧杂环戊烯基丁胺（BDB）和N－甲基－1,3－苯并二氧杂环戊烯基丁胺（MBDB），还包括以下N－烷基化苯丙胺衍生物：安非他明、苄非他明、氯苄雷司、二甲基苯丙胺、乙苯丙胺、泛普法宗、芬卡明、非尼拉明、芬普雷司、呋芬雷司、美芬雷司、美索卡、甲基苯丙胺、普尼拉明和司来吉兰。回顾了1995年至2000年的英文出版物。对描述代谢物鉴定或细胞色素P450同工酶依赖性代谢的论文以及包含药代动力学/毒代动力学数据的论文进行了考量和总结。讨论了毒代动力学对毒理学评估或法医案件解读的意义。
