Tromp Ellen
Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr. 2002 Feb;33(1):21-5.
Falls in elderly persons are an important health problem. The results of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam show that thirty percent of older adults over the age of 65 years who live in the community (n = 1285) fall at least once a year. Recurrent falls were reported by about 11% of the participants. In one-year of follow-up, 22 fractures were recorded. In the 'single fall' group 11 subjects (3.9%) suffered from a fracture and in the 'recurrent fall' group 9 subjects (6.1%). The strongest predictors identified in the risk profile for recurrent falls were previous falls, urinary incontinence, visual impairment and functional limitations (Area Under Curve, 0.71). The probability of recurrent falls for subsequent scores of the screening test ranged from 4.7% (95% CI, 4.0-5.4%) to 46.8% (95% CI, 43.0-50.6%). Risk profiles are needed to identify people at high risk. For matters of feasibility and efficiency, preventive measures of falls should preferably be focussed on those subgroups that have the highest risk of falls.
老年人跌倒问题是一个重要的健康问题。阿姆斯特丹纵向老龄化研究结果表明，居住在社区的65岁以上老年人（n = 1285）中，30%的人每年至少跌倒一次。约11%的参与者报告有反复跌倒情况。在一年的随访中，记录到22例骨折。在“单次跌倒”组中，11名受试者（3.9%）发生骨折，在“反复跌倒”组中，9名受试者（6.1%）发生骨折。在反复跌倒风险评估中确定的最强预测因素是既往跌倒、尿失禁、视力障碍和功能受限（曲线下面积，0.71）。筛查试验后续得分的反复跌倒概率范围为4.7%（95%CI，4.0 - 5.4%）至46.8%（95%CI，43.0 - 50.6%）。需要风险评估来识别高危人群。出于可行性和效率考虑，跌倒预防措施应最好集中在跌倒风险最高的那些亚组。
